Teen Boundaries That Work | Ep. 177

Teen Boundaries That Work | Ep. 177

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What Do Boundaries with Teens Actually Look Like?

We talk a lot about boundaries on this podcast, and for good reason—they’re one of the most important tools you have as a caring adult. But let’s be honest: it’s one thing to say “set boundaries,” and another to know what that looks like in real life. We’re getting super practical.

What kinds of boundaries actually help teens thrive? Why do they matter? And how can you set them without sounding like the “fun police”? Let’s dive in.

Key Question

You’ve been mentioning boundaries on the podcast… but can you give some examples of what that looks like?

What We Cover

00:00. Understanding Boundaries
02:57  Setting Norms in Groups
05:55  The Importance of Respect
08:57  Creating Safe Spaces for Sharing
11:48  Navigating Technology Boundaries
15:57  Healthy Relationships and Boundaries
20:57  Establishing Clear Expectations
27:09  Empowering Teens to Set Boundaries

Boundaries Are Love, Not Control

Let’s start here: boundaries aren’t about control—they’re about love and clarity. Teens may not always say it out loud, but they crave structure. Boundaries give them a sense of safety and direction, like guardrails on a winding road.

In Teen Life Groups, we actually call them norms—agreements we set together to create a safe and respectful environment.

And here’s a golden rule: it’s easier to start with clear boundaries and relax later than to tighten the reins after things go sideways. (Listen to the podcast for Karlie’s story about that!)

Perspective Shift

Boundaries aren’t about control—they’re about love and clarity.

Boundaries at School

Why it matters: Teens need consistency and clear expectations to feel safe and succeed.

Example 1: Setting expectations for respect

“We don’t have to agree on everything, but we do have to listen and respond with respect.”

  • No interrupting
  • Use “I” statements
  • No mocking or laughing at others

Example 2: Creating a safe space for sharing

“You can pass if you’re not ready to talk.”

  • Offer multiple ways to participate
  • Emphasize confidentiality—”what’s shared here stays here,” unless it’s a safety issue

Boundaries with Technology

Why it matters: Teens need help navigating screen time, social media, and digital distractions.
Example 1: Establishing phone-free zones

  • “No phones at the dinner table or after 10 PM.”
  • All devices charge in a common space at night
  • And yes—model it as an adult!

Example 2: Talking through new apps/social platforms

“Before you download a new app, let’s talk about it.”

This keeps the door open for conversations instead of sneaky workarounds.

Boundaries in Relationships

Why it matters: Teens are learning how to set limits and advocate for themselves in friendships and dating.

Example 1: Giving permission to take space

“You don’t have to reply to every text right away.”

If someone guilts them for needing space, that’s a red flag.

Example 2: Naming toxic behavior

“If a friend keeps pushing your boundaries, it’s okay to step back.”

Let them know they’re not being rude—they’re protecting their peace.

TL;DR: Takeaways

Be Clear & Consistent

“Curfew is 10 PM. If you’re late, we’ll talk consequences.”
Say what you mean. No drama. No guessing games.

Invite Their Input

“What do you think is a fair limit for phone use during the week?”
Teens are more likely to respect rules they helped create.

Stay Warm & Open

“I love you. I’m here. And this boundary still matters.”
Even when enforcing rules, connection comes first.

Some Last Thoughts

Boundaries are more than rules—they’re relationship tools. When set with clarity, compassion, and consistency, they help teens feel safe, respected, and supported. And remember: your goal isn’t perfection. It’s progress. You’re building trust, not just enforcing limits. You’ve got this.
Don’t forget to subscribe! Find us on YouTube or wherever you listen to podcasts. Have a question or a topic you’d love to hear about? Reach out on social media or email us at podcast@teenlife.ngo.
Read Episode Transcript

Caleb Hatchett (00:00)
You’ve been mentioning boundaries on the podcast, but can you give some examples of what that looks like? Hi, welcome back this week. Again, you are stuck with me, Caleb, and Karlie, no Tobin. We do miss you Tobin. but yeah, we’ve been talking about boundaries a lot.

A couple of weeks ago, we talked about talking about sex and relationships with your teen, in which we talked about boundaries a bit, but we wanted to also, you know, give you guys a little bit more about what boundaries are, because I think they also extend beyond just relationships. So boundaries, to kind of define them, they aren’t about control, they’re about love and clarity, because…

teens don’t always show it, but they do like structure and they function better with structure. one of the ways that I like to view boundaries are kind of as guardrails, right? Like, you know, even if you think about on a highway or things like that, they, they keep you on path and make sure you don’t go, off-roading off of where you’re supposed to go. And we’ll kind of talk about this later, but you have to know where you want to go.

Karlie (00:53)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (01:13)
before you can know what is going to take you off track. And so for me, one of the things about defining a boundary, whether it’s in school, in relationships, emotionally, technologically, whatever, you have to decide, where’s my goal? Like, what do I want from this? And then define, how do I get there? And what are the things that are gonna keep me off track?

And so those boundaries are making sure that you stay focused on the goal.

Karlie (01:42)
Well, and if you’re using the example of a guardrail, you don’t want to hit a guardrail, but if you hit a guardrail, you’re not falling to your death. But the guardrail, where you really don’t want to be is in that canyon or over the side of the mountain. And so you set your guardrail just in enough to protect you from going that far. And so it’s not necessarily, you don’t put your guardrail in the canyon and be like, well, if you get there, it’s already too late. Bummer.

Caleb Hatchett (01:47)
Right.

Yeah.

Right.

Yeah, the car is torn to pieces, but at least I didn’t go further down the canyon. Yeah.

Karlie (02:11)
It’s so when you’re…

Right. So if you’re thinking in terms of a classroom, if you don’t want just utter chaos, then you need to set boundaries in enough to keep some peace as an example. so that’s a good point, Caleb. I really like that imagery of a guardrail and it’s to keep you safe and make sure everyone’s on the same page. In teen life groups, we call them norms because sometimes

Caleb Hatchett (02:32)
Yeah.

Karlie (02:39)
I don’t know that that term honestly is that much better, but sometimes when teens hear boundaries of or rules, hey, we’re gonna set some group rules. They’re like, what rules? I don’t, yeah. Of just, yes, this is what, it’s just what everyone is agreeing on of this is what is gonna be our normal. And then you can move forward from there.

Caleb Hatchett (02:44)
Yeah.

Norms is fun to say too so more fun than boundaries let’s talk about our norms yeah

Yeah. I think too, one of the most important things, especially again, like, like Karlie said, like you’re setting the boundaries here. make sure you’re setting them at the beginning of the group or at the beginning of a school year at the beginning of, you know, introducing technology at the beginning. Make sure everyone’s on the same page. Cause it’s easier to set boundaries first. Right. Cause again, if we’re going guard rail, we want to make sure we don’t fall off the bridge.

Karlie (03:19)
Mm.

Hahaha!

Caleb Hatchett (03:29)
And then if we realize, know

what, maybe we have a little more space. We can move them a little bit further, right? It’s, easier to set boundaries and loosen up on them later than to crack down after unstated boundaries or norms have been set. I remember starting out as a student minister right out of college and I’m leading a middle school, small group, middle school boys. And, know, I might, I’m 20.

Karlie (03:51)
Okay. Okay.

Caleb Hatchett (03:56)
23 at the time, but you know, I, I have the maturity level of a middle school boy. So yeah, you know, I’m sitting there, you know, I can talk skibbity riz, Ohio with them all day, whatever. And I remember there is specifically like one small group where, you know, I hadn’t really established boundaries. And if you don’t establish a norm, norms will be set. Right. Regardless.

Karlie (04:18)
Hmm. Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (04:20)
Like they will be set norms will be established because this is going to be what is normal in this group. And so if you don’t establish them, they’re going to get set where you do not want them. And so I remember we do our highs and lows, whoops and poops, whatever you call them. That’s a good one. I could go on for days. Rose and a thorn. Happy crappy. There’s a lot. Okay. There’s good. I can, I can keep going. Okay. Whoops and poops is my favorite because they go, here’s my whoop.

Karlie (04:37)
my word.

Caleb Hatchett (04:48)
for the week, you know, had a really good lunch and here’s my poop. And then people get to chuckle, which is you’re talking about your poo. Um, so any group leaders out there, you’re like, you can thank me later for the whoop and the poop. anyways, we, we do that. And then we’re trying to train. I’m trying to transition into my small group questions about the lesson that I, I assume did such a good job at. And.

Karlie (05:01)
Okay. Okay.

Caleb Hatchett (05:14)
I asked him the first question and they are just off the rails. Just could not care any less about what I have to say. They’re talking to each other. I remember I say guys, seriously, we need to focus. They’re like, he’s serious. okay. I’m serious. And I was like, my word. Cause I had established this norm in this relationship with them that I’m just a bud.

Karlie (05:34)
you

Caleb Hatchett (05:38)
And this norm that there’s no respect that there doesn’t need to be respect between them and me, between them and each other. And like, I remit this set me off. And I set, yeah, I set the small group guide down. I said, we’re done. Y’all can do whatever. And I had to go to the bathroom because I could feel my temper rising. I went to the bathroom. I took a few deep breaths.

Karlie (05:47)
You were triggered.

Caleb Hatchett (06:00)
And I go back out there and they’re all just sitting there and they’re like, what in the world? They don’t know what to do. Like, can we really go play foosball now? And I go and I was like, it’s the first time I’ve ever gained access to, I call it like my dad voice. I raised my voice very stern. Say, listen, like, I don’t want this to just be school. I don’t want you to feel like you have to be there. I can’t make you be here.

and at Jenks Church in the youth group, like you chose to be here, but I want this to be a space where we respect each other and you respect me and at least give each other that. And I just kind of remember, you know, they were shocked. I think one kid who was kind of the ringleader of the chaos, like his face turned red. I think he started to cry a little, felt a little good. but you know, it’s harder to crack down on things once if you haven’t established the boundaries.

Karlie (06:36)
Mm-hmm.

No.

Right.

Caleb Hatchett (06:53)
first. And, you know, if we’re talking boundaries at school, boundaries in, you know, a group, small group setting, learn from my mistakes and set expectations and boundaries for respect. You don’t have to agree on everything, but we will listen and respond with respect to me, to each other.

Karlie (07:00)
Mm-hmm.

Mm-hmm.

Right? This is a big one in our teen life groups. And often what I say is, you don’t have to be here. I don’t have to be here. So let’s respect each other and let’s respect our time. I’m gonna respect your time. I’m asking that you respect my time while we’re here. And so even giving that back makes a difference. If you’re not just saying you need it, and you said that, Caleb but you’re not just saying, you will respect me because I’m an adult.

Caleb Hatchett (07:25)
Mm-hmm.

Mm.

Yeah.

Karlie (07:39)
but be like, I’m

also gonna respect you. I’m not gonna make you do something you don’t wanna do. I’m not going to bore you using things that are, we’re going to do this together and I’m gonna give you that same back, not interrupting when someone is speaking plays into that. So if you’re wanting to like drill down of like what goes into respect, not interrupting when someone’s speaking, using I statements instead of blaming.

Caleb Hatchett (07:43)
Yeah.

Yeah.

Mm-hmm.

Yeah.

Karlie (08:04)
I feel instead of you always do this, like if you’re talking in a group, not laughing or mocking other people’s thoughts or experiences. Oftentimes you’re not even, but this is something that happens a lot in groups. Side talk, where two people are talking to each other and they start laughing while someone else is sharing and they are probably not laughing about what that student is sharing. But if they are sharing something serious and there’s laughter, they’re immediately thinking they’re laughing at me.

Caleb Hatchett (08:06)
Hmm.

Yes.

Karlie (08:31)
And I’ve had to stop down a group before to say, Hey, you’re not paying attention. this is probably asking that student, Hey, how did you feel when they were laughing? And having that, like just pointing that out and those students, was girls and they were like, that’s not what we were talking about. And I was like, I get that. But that’s not also respectful that you’re laughing and having your own conversation while she’s trying to share something that’s important to her. And so, but if you say that upfront, then you can also come back to.

Caleb Hatchett (08:40)
Mmm.

Yeah.

Karlie (09:01)
We talked about this, remember? No side talking. That’s something we agreed on as a group and you can point it out and then you can just move on. You’re not having to like stop down and make this a big deal. Another example that I gave, and this kind of also goes into like making sure everyone feels safe to share, especially in a group or in a school setting. One time I had a student that I asked a question.

Caleb Hatchett (09:20)
Mm.

Karlie (09:25)
I honestly don’t remember what the question was. Maybe it was about relationships and the student goes, well, I know that he doesn’t have relationship with his dad and pointed out something about another student. And so I quickly was like, okay, hang on. you can only share about yourself. We’re not sharing someone else’s story. That is not your job. That is not your role to make sure everyone feels safe that they don’t have someone else who’s gonna be like, well, she just broke up with her boyfriend and here’s why.

Caleb Hatchett (09:42)
Hmm.

Yeah.

Karlie (09:51)
We’re not getting into that. And so if they don’t feel comfortable speaking, don’t make them speak. That’s a big thing. I know, but like, I say, I say that, I straight up say, I am not going to make you talk if you don’t want to talk. If you tell me, I don’t want to talk about that, I will move on. And that’s an easy boundary to make sure everyone feels safe. But…

Caleb Hatchett (09:59)
The worst. Yeah, it needs.

Yeah.

Mm-hmm.

Karlie (10:17)
Participation too. I often say, but you will participate. You’re going to fill out the sheet. You’re going to write something down. And then there are certain things where if we do an icebreaker of, just tell me something good that happened this week. You can participate in that. You can come up with. I had a good night’s sleep. I ate Taco Bell for lunch. was great. Yes.

Caleb Hatchett (10:19)
Yeah. Mm-hmm. Yeah.

Mm-hmm. Yes. You’re right. That, and that’s, has to be something good. Yeah. When we do the,

what do we do? There are times, yes, to pick and choose, but I get, know, from the one side, you’re like, want everyone to participate and get the most out of this. But I promise you, you making a student who doesn’t want to talk is maybe for them going to be getting the least out of it. Like if they don’t want to talk and people are different.

Karlie (10:54)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (10:57)
And so forcing someone to talk, who might just be sitting back and still being active, but not necessarily showing it in the way that you want to is perfectly fine. and it sets the expectation, right? That, Hey, I’m not going to push you where you don’t want to be pushed, but I am going to also set the expectation of wanting you to be part of the group and knowing that you’re still part of the group, even if you’re maybe not actively participating in.

Karlie (11:12)
Mm-hmm.

Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (11:23)
discussion that you don’t be a part of. Like it’s, it will be okay. And I like what you said too, about still finding ways to involve them in the small things that, you know, and set the expectations that you should participate in talking about your Taco Bell, cheesy Gordita crunch. Okay. We can find ways. Yeah. And I think even part of that is making sure if it’s in a group setting, that they’re part of the circle. you know, that’s, that’s a norm that I’ve noticed is, is

Karlie (11:36)
Mm-hmm.

Wonderful.

And then I think.

Mm, yeah.

Caleb Hatchett (11:53)
good and you know if someone comes in late if someone doesn’t is automatically placing themselves outside of the group even just making sure hey here we all sit in the circle and even the small thing of making sure it is a circle to make sure everyone feels apart making sure everyone can see each other in a conversation is being made is just another good norm

Karlie (12:03)
Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm.

And then I think a final one for school group, church groups that is key is what shared in this group stays in this group. I always, always, so this is another boundary and maybe practical piece in my teen life groups, I always follow that up with, unless you’re talking about hurting yourself or hurting someone else or someone hurting you. And then I do have to share that. So I let them know upfront.

Caleb Hatchett (12:20)
Mm-hmm.

Karlie (12:44)
We talked about that last episode a little bit. Like if someone is in danger or their safety is at risk, I will share that. But what’s said in this group stays in this group, which means I’m not gonna go call your parent, but also you’re not gonna go outside of here and gossip and tell people what we talked about. Everyone needs to feel safe in this classroom. And that’s not a like we’re hiding something, but just if you’re…

Caleb Hatchett (12:46)
Yeah.

Yeah. Yeah.

Karlie (13:11)
talking about sensitive topics. If someone is talking about, I’m really struggling in this class and I need help, we don’t need to go share that outside of this classroom. That can stay here and we can get that student the help that they need without going and being like, you’ll never guess what grade so-and-so got. And he just got reamed by the teacher. Like that’s not, we don’t need to go sharing that stuff. It’s great. It can stay here.

Caleb Hatchett (13:19)
Yeah.

Mm-hmm.

Yeah. Yeah.

And I think too, like even going back to what we said initially about boundaries and we’re going to just, you know, we’ve talked about school church, kind of a group setting, and we’re going to talk, give you more examples. But again, if if you look back at it through this lens of what’s the goal, right? Asking yourself when we’re setting a boundary, like, what do we want to be true about this classroom, about this group, right? We want it to be a safe space where everyone respects and trusts each other.

Karlie (13:50)
Mm.

Hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (14:02)
And we can, you know, discuss freely and get somewhere. Right. And then you’ll notice we’re setting expectations for respect, clear expectations. So everyone feels safe, making sure no one is talking when others are talking. all helps you achieve that goal. And, know, as, we’re talking boundaries, you know, we’re asking ourselves, what are the regrets or things we want to avoid?

Karlie (14:06)
Yeah.

Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (14:26)
And what are the boundaries that align with those goals? And so as we continue to talk about all these other different boundaries, again, that’s the lens that we’re kind of looking at it through. And it cannot apply to so much more than just what we’re talking about. So another way that I think we see boundaries played out, especially with parents, teens, adults and teens, is technology.

Karlie (14:39)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (14:49)
setting boundaries on technology and, what do we, what do we want? We’ve done a lot of episodes on technology. And I think one of the things that we ask ourselves is how do we get technology to work for us? You know, versus the other way around. cause teens often push for more tech freedom, but they need guidance to avoid burnout, harmful content, unhealthy habits. So what are some norms or boundaries that we can establish with technology?

Karlie (15:00)
Mm-hmm.

I think I admittedly have not finished this book. So I’m going to say this and know that I am still working on it. But The Anxious Generation came out last year and it was a big book that a lot of people are reading. It is dense. will warn you. Like it has studies, which is great. Lots of stats, but good stuff. Like everything I’ve read, I’m like, wow. But one thing that was brought up in that book that I was like, man, that is so true is

Caleb Hatchett (15:28)
Mm-hmm. lot of stats.

Karlie (15:40)
are this generation of parents went like, I’m not going to let my student or my child play in the street because that’s dangerous. They could get kidnapped. So I’m going to hand them this phone or this iPad or this TV that has Netflix and a million different shows and that’s safer. And we didn’t put boundaries on them. Like you handed this

Caleb Hatchett (15:52)
Yeah.

Mm-hmm.

Yeah.

Karlie (16:07)
And I’m saying you in general, but that doesn’t mean that every parent did this, but we handed kids technology that we didn’t fully understand without giving them boundaries and guardrails to protect them like you would out in the real world. And you tighten down in one area and then went free rain. Here you go. YouTube, just have fun and it’s safer. And it’s way, way more dangerous. Like when I’m looking at some of the things that my kids could accidentally stumble on, on a

Caleb Hatchett (16:09)
Yeah.

Mm-hmm.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Karlie (16:36)
on our Apple TV with me in the room, I’m like, go play in the street. That might be safer. I don’t know. And so when we’re talking about technology, making sure, like Caleb was saying, the goal is for them to use it for them. The goal is not to form a new addiction. It’s not to have access to stuff that they shouldn’t have access to. It is for connection.

I feel like we’ve talked about this before, but especially with technology, some families choose to do a technology contract. Schools, a lot of time this choice is taken away from you because the school has policies of maybe it’s a phone holder in your classroom or maybe they turn them in or maybe they can’t bring them to school at all. So you might not have as much say in this, but there are ways that we can.

Caleb Hatchett (17:03)
Hmm.

Mm-hmm.

Karlie (17:22)
do technology well that also works for the team. Because if you just say, sorry, zero technology ever, that’s probably also not realistic. And so talking about

Caleb Hatchett (17:27)
You’re

Mm-hmm.

And helping them,

you know, even that contract helps them understand and come like, you know, it’s an agreed decision between the both of you. But I think even with some good ideas, and again, you have to decide for yourself, what is the goal that you’re setting and then build the boundaries around them. And so, you know, as we’re talking, we’re just giving ideas, but creating phone free zones, you know, even applies back to the last one and small groups and schools, things like that of, you know, are these working for us or against us? You know, no phones at the dinner table.

Karlie (17:39)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (18:03)
No phones whenever you’re going to sleep. Where would you benefit from most of not having your phone and establishing that can be good. Setting boundaries around new apps, social media, making sure that you’re not spending too much time on one thing and are prioritizing other things beyond that. And one of the difficulties with this is especially modeling it in your life as well.

Karlie (18:10)
Mm-hmm.

Hmm.

Right. As a parent, if you say, hey, we’re going to have phone free zones, we’re not going to have our phone at the table, but you have your phone and you’re texting at the table or someone calls you and you step away to take a phone call. Like you have to model that too. As a teacher, if you say, hey, in my classroom, we’re not going to do phones. Now there are maybe times where something big is happening at home and I have to have my phone out today. Tell them that they’re old enough to take that. But.

Caleb Hatchett (18:50)
Yeah.

Mm.

Karlie (18:55)
knowing that this also applies to me. If you’re worried, I think about this a lot and so this is something I’m admitting on the podcast I need to work on. It scares me to think about my kids one day driving with a phone, thinking them looking at their phone, texting, scrolling, but I have to model that first. So if in my mind,

Caleb Hatchett (19:09)
Yeah.

Karlie (19:19)
I’m a better driver. I’ll only look at it when I’m stopped at stoplights or when I’m going slow or if I’m, just trying to find the song real quick on Spotify. But your student, your teen is watching you going, well, I can have my fun out while I’m drive because mom does or dad does. And so modeling that is almost the hardest part because you have to be intentional about what you’re doing too, but that matters a lot. And then when it comes to relationships,

Caleb Hatchett (19:28)
Yeah.

Mm-hmm. Yeah.

Yes.

Karlie (19:45)
We talked about when we did the talking about sex and relationships episode that we want teens to have healthy relationships. That’s the goal. And without guidance, so not just in romantic relationships, but we don’t want them to have toxic friendships. We don’t want them to feel pressured to say yes because they feel pressure from their friends. And so setting boundaries that that is the goal that we want you to have healthy relationships. We want you to be able to stand up for yourself.

Caleb Hatchett (19:49)
Mm-hmm.

Yep. Yes.

Karlie (20:13)
And so maybe one is teaching them that they don’t have to immediately respond to text or be available all the time.

Caleb Hatchett (20:19)
Mm-hmm.

Yes. I think like, yeah, I’ve just got this expectation of I’m always needed because especially if we’re talking of a relationship, even friendships can get this way of feeling, you know, this, thing of codependency or of this person needs me. always need to have

Karlie (20:22)
of

Right.

Caleb Hatchett (20:40)
and be readily available for this person and just getting them to evaluate like, it’s okay. Like it’s going to be okay to prioritize yourself first. and then also like, especially in relationships, it’s a little different than all of these other boundaries we’ve talked about, cause it involves more than just you.

Karlie (20:42)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (20:55)
Right? You’re having to set a boundary for yourself and another person or people. so, especially with boundaries and relationships, whether it’s friendships or romantic is making sure that they’re, you know, communicated and empowering your teenager and teenagers, like making sure that, like, you know,

Karlie (21:09)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (21:15)
where the line is, you know what you want out of this relationship and hey, that’s not okay for you to talk to me like that. That’s not okay for us to do that. And if you don’t know those and they haven’t been communicated, then you’re going to find yourself crossing those boundaries. and then also like, yeah, don’t, don’t lie to yourself.

Karlie (21:22)
Mm-hmm.

Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (21:35)
as a teenager or as a person, like have your teenager walk through those things. Hey, out of this relationship, out of this friendship, what do you want? How can we get there? and then have them really process that and, know, make sure they’re like, Hey, don’t tell me what you think I want to hear. Like you have to come to these conclusions on your own or they’ll never happen.

Karlie (21:57)
Right, and I think you’re totally right of here’s what I want from this relationship and thinking about that beforehand and talking about it. We talk about this a lot or it seems, it doesn’t seem easy, but maybe more intuitive to do with romantic relationships, especially when you’re in middle school and high school of like, here’s the boundary, here’s the line, I don’t wanna cross physically, so I’m gonna talk about that. But it could also mean I’m a middle schooler,

Caleb Hatchett (22:04)
Yeah.

Yeah.

Karlie (22:21)
we’re not gonna hang out more than once a week. I don’t need to be hanging out with someone I like every day of the week or on phone calls for two hours every night. But it could also look like I have a friend that I really care about, but requires a lot of my time. And I’m going to set a boundary of after nine o’clock, I’m not answering that friend, I’ll get back to them the next day because I need a break. Or I have to set that boundary. Or if they ask me to hang out, I’ll hang out with them one-on-one.

Caleb Hatchett (22:23)
Yeah.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Mm-hmm.

Yeah.

Karlie (22:50)
once a week or maybe I don’t hang out with that friend one-on-one ever because they pressure me to do stuff I know I shouldn’t do. So knowing here’s what I want from this relationship, here’s what I feel like I can handle and if it goes past that then we’re getting into dangerous territory and so that’s where I’m going to set the guardrail.

Caleb Hatchett (22:51)
Hmm.

And again, for teens, like if you establish those, that then becomes the expectation, right? From that friend. so once that’s happened, you’re more likely that that friend is less likely to push you, um, in a relationship as well, because it’s been set and it’s been expected man after nine. Like I know Caleb can’t be reached and tell your team, you know, Hey,

Karlie (23:13)
Mm-hmm.

Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (23:33)
blame it on me. I take your phone. I’m the one, you know, even if it’s not necessarily true, right? Like it’s okay. And so, but once the expectation is set, you know, usually the other side, the other party, you know, begins to expect that.

Karlie (23:47)
Now when it comes to boundaries and when you’re trying to decide on boundaries and set them, especially from adult to teenager, say what you mean and do it and set that very clear and consistent. We’ve talked about setting it from the beginning. Curfew is a really easy example. If you have a student who’s starting to drive,

Caleb Hatchett (23:55)
Mm-hmm.

Yeah.

Karlie (24:07)
setting a curfew from the beginning and setting clear expectations is easier than when they come home at 2 a.m. and you’re going, what in the world? And they’re like, well, you didn’t tell me I had to be home by a certain time. And in your mind, you’re like, well, 2 a.m. is way too late. But that is a different conversation than if you had set up for your curfew is 10 p.m. If you’re late, then we’ll talk about consequences. And then they know the expectation. And when they show up late, say, hey, we have this conversation, so we’ll talk about this tomorrow. Go to bed.

Caleb Hatchett (24:27)
Mm-hmm.

Yeah.

Karlie (24:37)
And maybe that’s

taking the car away. Maybe it’s that they have to, I don’t know, maybe the curfew got bumped up. Now it’s nine o’clock until you can prove that you can be here by nine and then we can talk about it again. I will also say, think Caleb said this earlier, it’s easier to loosen up. for your younger teens, setting maybe stricter boundaries so that you can loosen those. And then when they’re a senior in high school, maybe the curfew is midnight or it’s one o’clock on weekends.

Caleb Hatchett (24:55)
Yeah.

Karlie (25:03)
if you start with super loose boundaries, there’s really nowhere to move it until they’re already in the cliff. And so having that thought too of as you’re parenting or as you’re a teacher, knowing at the beginning of the school year, here’s where I’m going to set my boundaries, knowing I’ve got a little bit of wiggle room if this goes well.

Caleb Hatchett (25:09)
Yeah.

And it gets them used to those boundaries and shows that they can be trusted when you do loosen them up. and then also like, the second thing is invite their input.

Karlie (25:30)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (25:35)
You know, let them speak into as, as maybe you are loosening up those boundaries of, Hey, what do you think? You know, you’ve been shown that you can be trusted. so, what’s a reasonable curfew if we’re running with that or elite reasonable phone limit. you might not necessarily have to go with exactly what they, what they want, but you know, you’re able to invite their input and going back also to being clear and consistent is also following up when a boundary

Karlie (25:42)
Mm-hmm.

Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (26:04)
is broken or crossed, right? If you do get past, if you get home past 10, make sure you follow up with, hey, this isn’t okay, a conversation. If you said, hey, we’ll talk about consequences, make sure you follow up with a consequence to make sure that that boundary is to be respected. And then whenever they do, yeah, continue to invite their input and have it be collaborative.

Karlie (26:14)
Mm-hmm.

Mm-hmm.

Well, and would say too, the ultimate goal with boundaries is that your student, when they leave your home, will be able to do this on their own. You’re helping them, you’re modeling for them, and so even that inviting them into that input, you’re giving them practice and setting, here’s what I think is reasonable, and you can get feedback and y’all can have that conversation. But when they go off to college, when they start a job and they’re on their own, they need to know, hey, I’m gonna turn off work email.

Caleb Hatchett (26:45)
Mm-hmm.

Karlie (26:56)
at five o’clock when I leave. Otherwise, you have an adult who’s working super late into the night because they don’t have boundaries around that. Or you have an adult who has no money in their bank account because they don’t have boundaries around what I can and can’t spend. Or they don’t have any friends because they’re rude and interrupt people and aren’t respectful of them. So coming up with things so that they can know, hey, here’s what’s appropriate and I can set this myself moving forward. And

Caleb Hatchett (27:03)
Yeah.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Mm.

Karlie (27:24)
As always for the Teen Life podcast, make sure that you’re subscribing on YouTube. Wherever you listen to podcasts this season is almost over. And so you don’t want to miss the last few. We’re also looking at what comes in the future. So make sure that you’re subscribed. If you want to give us questions for next season, you can email us at podcast at teenlife.ngo. You can DM us on social media as well. And we’ll see you next time.

Karlie Duke
Karlie Duke

Communications Director

Tobin Hodges
Tobin Hodges

Program Director

Caleb Hatchett
Caleb Hatchett

Podcast Host

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When Teens Refuse Help | Ep. 176

When Teens Refuse Help | Ep. 176

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How can we encourage teens to seek help when they just don’t want to?

Sometimes the young people in our lives are clearly struggling, and it’s heartbreaking to watch them turn away from the support they need.

We’ve been there, too.

What do you do when a teen refuses help? We explore why they might be reluctant, and more importantly, how we can create the kind of connection and environment that makes seeking help feel safe and empowering.

Key Question

How can I encourage a teen to get help who doesn’t want help?

What We Cover

00:00  Understanding Teen Resistance to Help
03:04  Building Trust and Support
06:00  Normalizing Help-Seeking Behavior
09:01  Empowering Teens with Choices
12:06  Navigating Safety Concerns
14:54  Resources and Final Thoughts

Why Do Teens Refuse Help?

Teens may resist getting help for a variety of reasons, including:

Fear of Judgment

They worry about being seen as weak or “broken.”

Lack of Trust

Past experiences with adults minimizing their feelings make them hesitant.

Desire for Independence

Admitting they need help can feel like failure.

Unfamiliarity with Help

Therapy, counseling, or even just talking to someone might feel intimidating.

Perspective Shift

Instead of saying, “You need help,” try “You deserve support.”

Strategies to Encourage Help-Seeking

Build Trust Before Pushing Help

Rather than lecturing, focus on listening first.

Teens are more likely to open up when they feel heard and understood.

Instead of saying, “You should talk to someone,” try asking, “What would help you feel better?” This shifts the conversation to their perspective and gives them agency in finding a solution.

Validate their emotions by acknowledging their struggles: “That sounds really tough. I can see why you feel that way.” Simply feeling understood can be a powerful first step.

Normalize Help-Seeking

Help teens see that reaching out for support is normal and healthy.

Share personal stories about times when talking to someone helped you through a difficult time. For example, you might say, “I’ve been through hard times too, and talking to someone really helped.”

Comparing mental health care to physical health can also be effective: “If you broke your arm, you wouldn’t hesitate to see a doctor. Our minds deserve the same care.” These small shifts in perspective can help reduce stigma and make getting help feel more natural.

Give Them Choices

Teens often resist when they feel forced into something, so offering choices can help them feel in control.

You might ask, “Would you rather talk to a counselor at school or someone outside of school?” or “Do you want to read about coping strategies first, or would you prefer to talk to someone?

If they’re not comfortable talking to you, explore who they might trust—a coach, teacher, youth leader, or older sibling. Sometimes, connecting them with a mentor or peer support group can be a good stepping stone toward professional help.

Remove Barriers to Getting Help

Even when a teen is open to getting help, obstacles can make it feel overwhelming.

Assist them in finding a therapist who matches their needs, whether that’s in terms of age, gender, or personality fit. If they’re anxious about the process, offer to go with them to an appointment or sit nearby while they call a helpline.

Letting them know what to expect from counseling or therapy can also ease their concerns and make the experience feel less intimidating.

Keep the Door Open

If they say no today, that doesn’t mean no forever.

Reassure them with something like, “I’m here for you whenever you’re ready—no pressure.” Continue checking in regularly with simple, non-intrusive questions like, “How are you feeling this week?

By maintaining an open line of communication, you show them that they have a steady source of support whenever they’re ready to take the next step.

TL;DR: Practical Takeaways

When their safety is at risk…

If they’re self-harming, talking about suicide, or in an abusive situation, stepping in may be necessary:

  • Say: “I care about you too much to ignore this. Let’s figure this out together.”
  • Give them a deadline to tell a parent or trusted adult first. Offer to go with them if needed.
  • Know your resources: hotlines, school counselors, crisis support options.

Some Last Thoughts

Every teen deserves to be seen, heard, and supported—even when they push us away. By approaching with empathy, patience, and consistency, we can help them take brave steps toward healing and growth. Your role as a steady, caring adult matters more than you know. Keep showing up—you’re making a difference.

Don’t forget to subscribe! Find us on YouTube or wherever you listen to podcasts.
Have a question or a topic you’d love to hear about? Reach out on social media or email us at podcast@teenlife.ngo.

Links & Resources:

Read Episode Transcript

Karlie (00:00)
How can I encourage a teen to get help who doesn’t want help? So this is a big question. I feel like especially coming off the episodes with Brenda where we talked about connecting with teens and conflict and how to help de-escalate. Those are all great tools, but sometimes you use these tools and a teen will look at you and be like, yeah, no, I don’t want help or.
refusing or just being like, I’m fine. I feel like we also get that a lot. We’re not necessarily they know that they need help and are saying no, but where they pretend like everything is fine and they don’t need help. And so today we’re going to kind of talk through this, but first of all, Caleb, well, let’s address the missing elephant in the room. Of we’re missing Tobin. We do miss. I know we do miss you, Tobin.

Caleb Hatchett (00:27)
Mm-hmm.
Yeah.
be the same without him but we carry on we carry on for you the viewer

Karlie (00:47)
Tobin is home with his new baby girl and so we’re so excited that he gets to do that and he will be back with us before too long. for now you get me and Caleb for a few weeks.

Caleb Hatchett (00:52)
Yeah.
Sorry, you’re
stuck with us for the next few weeks. So buckle up. Listen, I know you’re probably like, maybe I’ll skip the three. Who knows what will be said, you know? So not saying Tobin necessarily grounds us, but like we might feel the need to fill the void. Who knows? Who knows? So, the, the, start off this episode though, you know, we have to ask the question, why would teens refuse help? And as being

Karlie (01:08)
So I was going to be listening going like, no.
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (01:23)
As being someone who growing up, think fell into this boat of refusing help. Yeah. I, you know, I think back to, know, trying to learn how to ride a bike or trying to learn how to ski, anything that like, it was very clear and it wasn’t even necessarily life situations. was like, Hey, Caleb, you literally don’t know how to ski. And my parents would try to tell me and I’d be like, I know, I know.

Karlie (01:29)
You’re a fuser of help.
That was a classic Caleb phrase.

Caleb Hatchett (01:52)
I literally didn’t know,
but that was a coined phrase by me was, know. And it was stemmed out of kind of this idea that, you know, I don’t want to be viewed as someone who needs help, or I don’t want to be viewed as someone who isn’t capable. And so I think for a lot of teens, it stems out of that. Making it.

Karlie (02:05)
Mm-hmm.
Right.

Caleb Hatchett (02:14)
having people look down on them, maybe their fear of judgment, worrying about being seen as weak or broken. Even for some other teens, it could just be a lack of trust. With their experience and their life experience, they haven’t been given any reason to trust adults. And so why should they trust you to help them? They’ve gone so long with only leaning on themselves.

Karlie (02:25)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (02:38)
And so then it also leads into this feeling like they, they can and should handle it alone because they crave independence. And again, don’t want to admit failure that I actually can’t do it alone.

Karlie (02:47)
Great.
Well, I think you
hit the nail on the head when you said like that feeling of I want to be viewed as capable. And I’m sure we’ve talked about it on the podcast. And if so, I will link the episode in the show notes, but independence is one of the main tasks of adolescence. So that’s what they’re gaining. That’s what they’re looking for. That’s where like a lot of respect and the pushing of boundaries comes in. And so

Caleb Hatchett (02:58)
Yeah.
Mmm.

Karlie (03:16)
If they feel like that independence is threatened because they’re having to get help, or especially if they feel like you’re forcing help on them, they’re going to kind of stiffen at that and be like, no, I can do this. I’m going to figure this out on my own, even if they think in their back, in the back of their head, like, this is probably going to go horribly, but I’m going to prove a point right now and I’m going to, yes. And then I also think sometimes teens don’t even know really what help looks like, especially if they don’t have parents who talk about this.

Caleb Hatchett (03:22)
Mm-hmm.
Yeah.
I’m do it to spite you. Yeah. Yeah.
Hmm.

Karlie (03:45)
If they’ve never been, I think the more and more I do teen life groups, realize very few teens are in small groups. If they’re not going to a church where they’re part of a group like that, where we open up and we share feelings and we accept feelings, then they’ve maybe never been in an environment where they’re sharing their story or sharing challenges and having someone speak into that. If they don’t have parents who are asking questions and checking on them,

Caleb Hatchett (04:05)
Mm-mm.

Karlie (04:12)
That’s just something that hasn’t been modeled to them. And so if they don’t know what it looks like, that is an unknown that they’re not willing to step into. And then you’re even taking it up a notch of if you’re trying to get them therapy or counseling or rehab, any of those, that’s even bigger. And then they’re like, no, I don’t even want to touch that.

Caleb Hatchett (04:20)
Yeah.
Yep.
That’s one of the things for me starting out as a student minister that like I had to learn a bit was like this idea of small groups of opening up of talking about your feeling sharing is a learned thing. Cause I mean, I grew up, you know, in the church.

Karlie (04:45)
Mm.

Caleb Hatchett (04:49)
Like in small groups, D groups, devotional groups, as they are called in middle school, high school, we’re like ingrained into everything that we did. And so it was kind of this learned behavior of, you know, we’re going to have group and we’re going to talk about a story and hopefully towards the end, be able to talk about some of your feelings. Sometimes I wasn’t good at it, but it was at least something that I knew was a, was a norm.
and to be expected of me. So whenever I started out as a student minister and the students that I kind of inherited hadn’t done small groups, it’s like it was, and it kind of still is like a learned experience and there’s growing pains. And it’s this idea of, I’m not used to letting people know the way I feel of being vulnerable. And yeah, they need to see it modeled. But what, what, what

Karlie (05:23)
Right.
Mm.
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (05:40)
needs to happen for us to start building that trust and start modeling that for students who really don’t want the help.

Karlie (05:49)
Right, well, and I think just if you’re thinking about a perspective shift for this, instead of you need help, which to me makes me think you think something’s wrong with me. You think I’m broken. You think I can’t do it. Even it’s shifting of like, you deserve support. Like you deserve support. You deserve every resource I can give you. And this is another resource that I can give you to help.

Caleb Hatchett (06:09)
Hmm.

Karlie (06:17)
might shift that language a little bit, even if you’re thinking, even if you don’t say that out loud, even if you’re thinking that in your head of not like, I’ve got to fix them, but like, hey, I’m going to support them. And that just looks a little different and feels a little different. But like you’re saying, Caleb, the first step is building trust because if you don’t have a relationship with them and they don’t trust you, if you are trying to get them help, they’re probably not going to take that well. Like they’re just not.

Caleb Hatchett (06:21)
Yeah.
Yeah.
Yeah.
Mm-hmm.
Yeah. And I think too,
that idea, yeah, you support, like I’m here with you. And, know, I think kind of this idea of like, I’m on your side. Like, I’m not, I’m not working against you. Like I’m, I’m on your team. I’m on your side. Okay. And even though.

Karlie (06:47)
Mm-hmm.
Ooh, I like that. Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (07:01)
Maybe what we want for you might be different. Like you need to know everything of what I’m trying to do and speak for you stems out of this fact that I’m on your team. I’m on your side. I’m here to support you. But with that, there has to be trust. Cause if there’s not trust, then there’s, they’re not going to take you at that word.

Karlie (07:11)
Mm-hmm.
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (07:22)
Right? Like they have to trust you in order to believe that you are on their side. so, build trust, like model that model that you are on their side. Don’t lecture is a big one. Like don’t tell Lee. have to listen first.

Karlie (07:32)
It’s easy, yeah. Listen.
And you did this naturally, Caleb, but I want to point it out for the listener, using plural language of we, like what can we do to help? How can we move forward? Puts you on their side instead of you, you, you, pointing fingers of we, we’re in this together, we’re a team. Try to use we language when you’re talking to them and validate their feelings. listen, like Caleb’s saying, don’t lecture, listen.

Caleb Hatchett (07:43)
Mm.
Yeah.

Karlie (08:03)
And you can say, man, that sounds really tough. How can we help? Where can we move forward and maybe start there of asking them what they need before you just straight up say, I think you help. I think you need, you need a professional like of ask. Yeah.

Caleb Hatchett (08:15)
Yeah. You need, you need help.
But I’m here, I’m on your team, but you need help, yeah.

Karlie (08:25)
Asking that and we’ve kind of talked around this too, but normalizing help seeking So if you have done that in the past, you don’t have to get into details but saying like hey, you know what a few years ago I went through a really rough time too and I had to talk to someone about it or I’m not This is me personally. I’m not good at asking for help It’s easier for me to help others. And so it’s okay to for sometimes I’ll admit that when I’m in my teen life groups because one of the weeks we talk about stress and what we can do is

Caleb Hatchett (08:30)
Mm-hmm.
Yeah.

Karlie (08:54)
And I will often admit I’m really bad at this, but I need to be better at telling the people in my life, here’s what I’m struggling with and here’s how you can help. And even modeling to them like, it’s not always easy and don’t make it seem like, just it’s fine. I go to counseling all the time. That’s not a big deal. Even admitting some of that tension of it’s not always easy to do that.

Caleb Hatchett (09:02)
Mm-hmm.
Yeah. Yeah.
I was going to say of like they build on each other right if you’re trying to to build trust they need to know that you’re a safe space someone that listens and cares like

Karlie (09:26)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (09:29)
cares about what they say. So that’s we’re saying, man, like, I’m sorry. And then, yeah, normalizing this help seeking and being vulnerable as well as on your end. And yeah, don’t come at it from a man. I’ve been through this too. Here’s how I got through it. And, you know, like, look at me now. I’m awesome. Like you can get to me, but like sit in it with them for a second and just be like, you know what? I understand where you’ve been and get vulnerable with

Karlie (09:46)
Hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (09:56)
Here’s my life experience. Here’s the ways that, truly, like I didn’t know the way out and have experienced where you’ve been, but you know, also, yeah, you know, model for them. Here’s the steps that, that I took in order to help myself get out. Cause it’s not okay just to stay there. And so how can we,

Karlie (10:15)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (10:17)
We’re not the same person, but what are the steps that we can take to get out? And then, yeah, leads us onto the next one of giving them choices. Don’t make them seem like they’re pigeonholed or that you are telling them what to do. If the team doesn’t want help, I would say teens in general, even if they do want help, a lot of times don’t just like being told what to do. so giving them choices, you know, it directs them enough.

Karlie (10:39)
Yeah.

Caleb Hatchett (10:43)
But again doesn’t feel like you’re necessarily telling them what to do

Karlie (10:48)
Right? So it could even be like, if you are asking them a question, hey, do you want to talk about this with me? Is there another person that you feel is trustworthy that you could go to? Do you feel like you need therapy or counseling? Do you want me to go with you the first time? I, like offering options like that, where like you’re saying, Caleb, you’re not just saying, here’s what you need to do. And that’s where being curious,

Caleb Hatchett (10:57)
Yeah.
Mm-hmm.

Karlie (11:17)asking questions of even what do you think would help? What do you think would make this better? Do you have a friend who’s done something that has been beneficial and what did they do? Get them outside of themselves to think through things or do you need coping strategies? Do you want me to give you my advice or can I send you a couple articles or do you want to ask around and then we could come back next week and talk about it? And that is something that

Caleb Hatchett (11:28)
Yes.

Karlie (11:42)
can help, maybe they don’t want counseling, but if there is a school counselor that has a group that’s going on, something like Teen Life or another support group, maybe that feels a little more accessible. It’s on their campus or not having to leave. Or that question, we love to ask the question of just who do you trust? Who is an adult that you feel like you can go to right now? And it doesn’t have to be me. And honestly, I’m okay if it’s not me, but who is someone and can you go to them first?

Caleb Hatchett (12:05)
Mm-hmm.

Karlie (12:10)
and ask them, but let them think through that. Especially I think for parents, instead of saying, are the three people that you can go talk to and giving them those people, ask and let them rely on the people that they feel like they trust.

Caleb Hatchett (12:17)
Yeah. Yeah. And this idea of giving them choices of prying, think from, I think from me and my experience is trying to get them to come to the conclusion on their own. Cause I mean, the frustrating thing, I’m not a parent. would assume this holds true for parenting too. given the times that I’ve told my father, you know, that he has told me something time and time again.

Karlie (12:36)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (12:47)
Hey, Caleb, you got to keep your car clean. Like whatever, like it helps. What? Okay. Sure. But if I come to that conclusion on my own and I see that in action, it’s like, man, I’m genius. And you know, beating my dad just beating his head. And like, I told you, I told you, how could you not see it? But if a teen comes to that conclusion on their own,

It gives them, it helps them understand the reasoning and the motivation behind the why. And again, it also gives them the sense of independence and accomplishment. so, you know, if you’re able to, to walk with them and alongside them of instead of necessarily telling them what to do, walk beside with them and pry it and keep asking questions. Okay. Like why, who do you want to go to if it’s not me for help? And if they give you an answer.

Karlie (13:14)
Mm.

Caleb Hatchett (13:36)
help them realize and ask questions like- is this person trust-worthy? You know, can you really go to them? Why do you think that they’re a good person to go to? And just help them process and come up with their own reasonings of, you know, help them think through it. Cause they might also come to the conclusion of, you know what?

Karlie (13:41)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (13:53)
My middle school friend might not be the best person to go to for this important life advice. You’re right. But if they reach that conclusion on their own, they’re more likely to do it than if you tell them.

Karlie (14:04)
think you’re exactly right, Caleb, because if I’m thinking of, for example, a student that you really feel like needs therapy or counseling, and you force them to go, how much more would they get out of it if they are bought in and think, yeah, this is something that will be beneficial? First, I am forced to do this, and now have to go. And so that is something that is different.

Caleb Hatchett (14:11)
Mm-hmm.

Yeah.

Right.

Karlie (14:28)
to kind of think through how can I go about this in a way that you’re right, asking questions to get them to come to that conclusion on their own without being manipulative, but just like, hey, let’s ask some questions and maybe they can figure this out. And sometimes that looks like I talked about earlier, if they have never heard of or been modeled for asking for help counseling therapy, maybe that is letting them know what to expect.

Caleb Hatchett (14:33)
Mm-hmm. Right.

Mm-hmm.

Hmm.

Karlie (14:53)
Hey, do you know anyone that’s gone to counseling? And if they say no, be like, okay, here’s kind of what you can expect from that. This doesn’t mean you have to go, but I just want to give you all the information up front. It’s probably not what you think. It’s not laying back on a couch with a box of tissues and sharing your whole story. A lot of times it’s activity driven and you can walk them through that so they have a better idea of what to say. And then finally, I think for this too, make sure you’re keeping the door open.

Caleb Hatchett (15:12)
Mm-hmm.

Mmm.

Karlie (15:23)
If they say no to help, that doesn’t mean no forever. So even sometimes if you have a relationship with a student and you know, I’m pushing too much, this is not going anywhere. They have dug in their heels and there is going to be no help instead of just being like, no, I’m going to make you see that you have to have help. Take a step back and say, I’m here when you’re ready. Hey, let’s come back to this in a week. Let’s see how you’re feeling and

No pressure. And then the next week, hey, how are you feeling this week? Do you still feel like you have it under control? What can I do to help? And continuing to check in, not just saying, well, they said no, so I’m done and I’m backing off. Continue to go to them, but at the same time, don’t pressure them to do anything.

Caleb Hatchett (15:58)
Mm-hmm.

Yeah. And I think that the important thing there, like what you said of keeping, keep pursuing, like don’t, again, don’t necessarily be like, will help you. You will receive my help. Um, but this idea of, know, I think sometimes I’ve even fallen to the trap of, man, I’m giving them time. I’ve given them opportunity and opportunity for me to help them and they don’t want it. So I’m just going to let them come to me when they’re ready. There’s a balance of that. And.

Karlie (16:17)
you

Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (16:36)
pursuing and making sure that they know that you’re there. Of, hey, they might not want my help now, but I’m going to make sure that they know that I’m here when they’re ready. Instead of just being like, you know, I’m going to sit passively. They’ll come to me, continue to check in. Even if they don’t want your help. There’s nothing wrong with saying, how are you? How is the situation that you’ve, you’ve talked to me about? Cause it shows you care. It shows that you listened.

Karlie (16:37)
Mm-hmm.

Caleb Hatchett (16:59)
And yeah, again, even going back to everything, we’re here to help. And I don’t want it to come across as we’re trying to manipulate the, you know, a student or a teen into receiving help from us. Again, help them process, help. They probably will come to a conclusion that isn’t one that, that you had in mind, but if you can think through it with them, it’ll also help you understand where they’re coming from more as well.

Karlie (17:22)
Mm-hmm. That’s good. Okay, so for just kind of some final takeaways, one thing I do want to say, we are talking about not forcing help, but if their safety is at risk. So if you were talking to a teenager who is self-harming, who is talking about suicide, who is in an abusive situation, first of all, no, they’re probably all very similar, but like I know in the state of Texas, if a student discloses abuse to you, you have to report that.

Caleb Hatchett (17:35)
Mm-hmm.

Karlie (17:50)
You have to like, and it’s not that difficult. Please reach out to Teen Life or one of us if you need help, but you can also do a search for it and it will come up with what you can do. They, there are some instances where they need help. If that is the case, or if you feel like it’s something bigger where you found out that they’ve been, especially if you’re not a parent and you found out something like they’ve been doing drugs or they have been

engaging in activities with a boyfriend or girlfriend that you know their parents would not approve of. Something that you know they need to tell a parent or they need to talk to someone else about this and I can’t handle this anymore. Here’s an example of what I would say, which would be, I care too much about you to ignore this. So we need to figure this out together. And that could be you need to tell a parent or I have to report this for your safety.

Caleb Hatchett (18:23)
Mm-hmm.

Karlie (18:43)
let’s do this together, or would you like me to come with you? I will be part of that conversation with the parent if you are too scared to tell them or another trusted adult. And so not taking away that choice, let them decide, give them a deadline, say, hey, by Friday, I’m gonna check back in. And if you haven’t told them, I need to tell your parent, but I wanna give you the opportunity to tell them first.

Caleb Hatchett (19:06)
Yeah.

Yeah.

Karlie (19:08)
and so kind of giving them the opportunity to do that, but at the same time going, this is a big enough deal that I’m, I care about you too much to ignore it. And sometimes that will, that honestly will put a strain on the relationship. Your relationship with that student might never be the same, but if it is something where you feel like their safety or their future, or there are some choices, I’m pretty sure Brenda said this, that you can’t come back from. And so sometimes as an adult, you have to make the decision that I have to step in here to try to stop.

a situation that is just going to get worse and could potentially ruin their life. And then finally, and I’ll post some links as well to more national hotlines, but know your resources. So if a student comes to you, kind of have in your back pocket, here are some people I would talk to. Here are maybe some, here are the school counselors numbers and let me help you find them. Here is a crisis hotline.

Caleb Hatchett (19:40)
Yeah, that’s good.

Karlie (20:03)
number that you can call. are texting options where they don’t even have to get on a phone. They can text in, they can chat online, just something that maybe if they want something anonymous and don’t want to talk to someone in person, better help. are online telehealth counseling deals where they’re not having to go to a counselor’s office. And so know your resources. But as we always say, it’s about connection. It is about telling them, I care enough about you. I see you.

Caleb Hatchett (20:03)
Mm-hmm.

Yeah.

Karlie (20:32)
that I want you to have the support and the resources that you need.

 

 

 

 

Return to add a new line

 

 

Karlie Duke
Karlie Duke

Communications Director

Caleb Hatchett
Caleb Hatchett

Podcast Host

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De-Escalation Skills and Conflict Management | Ep. 175

De-Escalation Skills and Conflict Management | Ep. 175

 Listen & Subscribe

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Is It Serious? When to Step In and How to Help Teens De-Escalate

When you’re the caring adult in a teen’s life—whether you’re a teacher, coach, mentor, or parent—there’s one question that can keep you up at night: How do I know when a situation is serious enough to need outside help? Listen to episode 175 for practical tools to recognize the signs, manage tough conversations, and teach teens how to do the same.

Key Question
  • How can adults recognize when a situation is serious enough to need outside intervention?
  • What strategies do you use to manage your own emotions when handling tough conversations?
  • How do you help other people manage their emotions and help them de-escalate?
  • How can we help teens know when to intervene or call 911 or get adult help?
What We Cover

00:07  Recognizing Serious Situations and Shock Proofing
05:08  Balancing Curiosity and Intervention
06:36  Proactive Approaches in Schools
09:05  Teaching Self-Awareness and Coping Mechanisms
12:14  Managing Adult Emotions in Crisis Situations
17:18  Helping Teens De-Escalate Their Emotions
23:05  Teaching Teens to Seek Help and Intervene

Knowing the Difference Between What a Teen Says and What They Mean

Teens might repeat things they heard online or from friends, or they might say something shocking just to get a reaction.

Don’t panic—but don’t dismiss it either. The key here is to become “shock-proof.” Let the words hit without overreacting, and then gently ask questions to find out what’s really going on underneath.

Put down your phone, mute the notifications, and be fully present. Kids can feel when we’re distracted, and nothing says “you matter” like eye contact and active listening. If you’re not sure whether a situation is serious, here’s a sign: if a teen is emotionally out of control and can’t regulate themselves—even after 90 seconds—and you can’t calm them either, it’s time to get outside help.

Proactive > Reactive

It’s always better to be proactive than reactive.

That means building a support system before a crisis happens.

Do you have a good relationship with the school’s SRO (School Resource Officer)? Great—lean into that.

Learn the signs of common disorders, keep resources on hand that you can recommend, and stock your office or classroom with stress balls and fidgets.

Teach teens to recognize their own stress signs and practice de-escalation tools before they hit their limit—like punching a pillow, squeezing a soft ball, deep breathing, or simply saying out loud what they’re feeling.

Give them the language to describe what’s going on inside: “My heart’s racing,” “My fists are tight,” or “I feel like I’m going to explode.”

But What About You?

We can’t help teens manage their emotions if we’re falling apart ourselves. So let’s talk about what to do in the heat of the moment.

Start by recognizing your own signs—physical and emotional. The Reticular Activating System in your brain wants to confirm whatever you’re already feeling, so if you’re already frustrated, you’re likely to interpret everything through that lens.

That’s why identifying your triggers ahead of time is crucial. When you feel a reaction coming on, take a beat. Literally—count to three, take a breath, do some box breathing or a 5-senses grounding exercise. Even counting backwards by sevens can break the spiral.

And remember: after about 90 seconds, you get to choose whether or not to stay in that negative emotion. Model for teens what it looks like to be a calm, non-anxious presence. That doesn’t mean pretending everything’s okay—but it does mean showing them healthy ways to cope and come back down.

Helping Others De-Escalate

When a teen is in emotional distress, your job is simple: stay. Don’t abandon them. Even if they say they want to be left alone, stay nearby and show them they’re not alone.

Use distraction, humor, a question out of left field—anything to break the emotional momentum. Re-orient the space by moving to another room or having them sit somewhere new. If it’s appropriate and you have that kind of relationship, offer a hug or a hand on the arm. Sometimes, something as small as clapping your hands and saying, “Hey, I’m right here with you,” can interrupt the spiral.

These are the moments that matter. Are you willing to step into the mess with them? Because kids are worth it.

Teaching Teens When They Should Intervene

We’re not the only ones navigating these moments—our teens need tools to know when they should speak up, step away, or get help.

Teach them that they have three options:

  • Walk away
  • Intervene
  • Get help

Help them understand when emotion tips into “out of control”: when someone can’t be talked down, can’t tell the difference between friend or foe, or when a situation turns violent beyond just pushing. When that happens, their job isn’t to fix it—it’s to find someone who can.

Let’s give teens the confidence to trust their instincts and the tools to make safe, smart decisions.

Some Last Thoughts

Big emotions aren’t the enemy—being unprepared is. With awareness, some practical tools, and the courage to step in when it matters, we can be the steady presence teens need in their stormiest moments.

You don’t have to have all the answers. You just have to be willing to stay, ask questions, and model what it looks like to keep your cool when things get heated.

And hey, if you can do that, you’re already doing more than you know.

Don’t forget to subscribe! Find us on YouTube or wherever you listen to podcasts.
Have a question or a topic you’d love to hear about? Reach out on social media or email us at podcast@teenlife.ngo.
Read Episode Transcript

Karlie Duke 0:07
Music. Welcome to the Teen Life Podcast, where we explore your questions to help you make meaningful connections with teenagers, because no teen deserves to feel alone. Today, we are wrapping up our series with Brenda McAdoo and Brenda, we’re just so thankful that you’ve taken the time to share your wisdom with us. I know me and you know have really benefited, no doubt, from this conversation. And today we’re wrapping up talking about kind of more handling crisis and conflict,

Brenda McAdoo 0:38
which is a great topic. Everybody needs it, yes.

Karlie Duke 0:41
And so if you’re out there listening, whether you work in a school or not, but I feel like, especially for our school people, this is going to be a beneficial conversation. So the first question that I have is, how can adults recognize when a situation is serious enough to need outside intervention?

Brenda McAdoo 0:59
Yeah, absolutely. I think there’s a difference between dealing with this with what kids say, but also dealing with this with what kids do, because I think we talked about in a previous episode about being shock-proof, right? Well, lots of kids will say things right to for shock value, or because they don’t know what the consequences are of what they’re saying or how it’s going to hit adults. Because adults have a vast amount of experience where we have dealt with trauma, we’ve dealt with pain, we’ve dealt with loss, we’ve dealt with suicide, we’ve dealt with a million things, right? And so we take that experience and put it on to what kids say, but they don’t, they don’t have that as a backdrop to the things that they say they’re going to repeat something they heard on Instagram or YouTube, or they’re going to retell a joke, right? That just doesn’t it’s not funny to adults because there’s some morbidity to it, right? And we’re seeing now a lot of kids with jokes that are what adults would consider inappropriate or morbid, right? But it’s they think it’s funny, and so we have to remember sometimes we’ve got to differentiate between behavior, right, that’s actually going on in a kid and the things that they say so being shock-proof first, because we’re trying to determine, are they saying something that they don’t understand, or just for shock value, or is it something they really feel? And that’s a hard thing, I think, for adults, especially you know, whether it’s your parent or you’re in the school dealing with kids, you never want to dismiss what a kid says For the reason that it might be, you know, they might not understand, or it might be shocking. We never want to dismiss and we don’t want to. I mean, especially maybe it’s think about as outrageous, or say, Oh, it’s just because they’re being dramatic. Do we have kids that are dramatic? Absolutely, right? Absolutely but can we differentiate, I think, between a kid being dramatic or something terrible happened to them, they don’t know how to bring it up or discuss it, so they might tell you the really hard thing that happened to them as an aside or almost with a laughing voice or a manner, because they’re not sure how you’re going to take it. Am I going to be believed by the adults who care about me? Am I going to be made fun of all those things? So I know a family years ago whose daughter was sexually assaulted and she came to tell her parents, and they didn’t believe her. That caused them hurt and grief in that family for years, right? So can we differentiate because she said it with a kind of a laughing voice, and because she didn’t know how to talk about it or what to say, and so they just dismissed it and thought that she was just trying to get attention. And so your question, right? Begs like, do we? Do we find some balance in how we talk to kids? And I’m going to bring it back to what all of our superpowers ought to be, is being curious. Can we ask questions? Can we give somebody like, put down your phone. Put down whatever you’re doing, right, whatever it is. Lots of times kids tell stuff when they were driving the car, because they’re not having to look as straight in the face, right? They’re looking forward. So are we. But can you pull over? Can you get to the house and then have that conversation? And if you’re at school, it’s in the passing period, or it’s right before the kids are going out to sports or for the day, and so then can you take the time to come back to them and be able to say, I really do want to talk to you about this. And I ask questions, not that are, you know, confrontational or judgmental, but questions that are truly open and then curious about what they’re going to say, because when kids give that information, especially in the words, right. Right? They probably are asking for your help. They might say it like a statement and act like they don’t need your help, but that’s the cry for help. And so we do have to be able to be responsive in those areas. And then I will say in the behavior, right? How do we determine when we see certain behavior, whether or not we need to intervene? That I think is more important right to think about so where kids are emotionally out of control and they can’t they can’t control themselves, and you can’t help them, that would be a clue that you need to get help outside, outside of your counselor session, or if you’re a counselor at a school or a teacher, student relationship, or even a parent, when emotions are so out of control that they either the crying can’t be helped, or the anger can’t be helped, and it doesn’t diminish. There’s there’s something about and there’s a 92nd rule so open effort runs through your body. You know, you get triggered, or you get angry, and it runs through your system that those chemicals that hit your brain run through your system about 90 seconds. If you have it beyond the 90 seconds you’ve chosen to retain it. So because of that, if they’ve chosen to retain it, or they can’t control retaining right the anger or the high emotion, and you’re not able to help them with any kind of de-escalation techniques or even just the your presence or that type of thing. Then if that happens again and again, then you probably do need help outside you. That does not mean you know you need to go to a doctor and the police and like all that first, but it needs, you need to be willing, right, to talk to other people, to learn about it, to get some resources, because you don’t want to wait too long until you have to take one of those steps, right? You’re forced to. So I think anybody who deals with teens, can we be proactive before we’re forced to be reactive?

Karlie Duke 7:07
What does that look like? You’re saying proactive? Is that, like, I’m trying to think in a school setting, is that going to the police, or is it maybe just pulling in another adult so that you have some backup? Like, do you have any thoughts on what that would practically look like,

Brenda McAdoo 7:21
Yeah, I think, well, our schools, it kind of depends on your relationship with the school resource officer, right? There’s some places where they are so integrated with the counselors and the teachers and the kids that they’re a known, you know, quantity, and they’re an adult that cares about the kids, right? That that absolutely

Karlie Duke 7:40
they’re not going to be seen as a threat as much as a resource.

Brenda McAdoo 7:44
And so, I think that a little bit depends in the schools about what that relationship looks like. But they are always a great resource. But there are tons of other resources, whether that is, you know, learning about disorders, whether it is trying to figure out where the places where I can go to get help for kids that have emotion. Do you start having in your office, stress balls? Do you have start having fidget things? Do you, I mean, are you the teacher, counselor, person that has the ability to like pivot to something else? And I think that’s do we? Do we have the ability to not always deal with the kids the kids the exact same way. Well, if you can’t get control of yourself, then you’ve got to go to the principal, or I’m going to call the police or whatever. Can we have some steps that we can walk through with kids to give them the opportunity to regulate their own emotions and get back in a good place, right?

Karlie Duke 8:35
I actually had a kid in one of my well, he wasn’t in my group. He was talking to the counselor right after my group, and he asked the question. He said, Do you have something safe I can throw? And I was like, what a good question. And she was distracted, and I was like, this isn’t my office. I’m not about to hand you something to throw. But I was like, he recognized in that moment, Yeah, but you’re right, if that’s different than a kid just picking up something and throwing it, then being like, Hey, I feel like I need to do something with my body, yeah. But can we give them safe things to do 100% when they feel that way? And can

Brenda McAdoo 9:04
we teach him to be self aware, to ask the question, I love that he was self aware enough to ask that, right? He recognized I want to hit something. So now there’s a wall, there’s a person, right? Do you have something else I can throw that’s safe? And he’s probably been given that language from people who love him, right? So we have to be that for the kids. So that’s like, one of those, you know, squish balls, right? That just never break and they can’t hit anything. Or it’s the, you know, the little nerf, whatever. So, I mean, there’s, there are so many things that kids that can learn to do to help regulate themselves. So, you know, you get a little bit older as a teen, as an adult, and then you’ll be thinking through, like breathing and sensory things and all those things that we do to kind of manage our emotions, right? But, man, could we have those things ready for kids, especially in the school setting or in the home?

Nino Elliott 9:57
So how I’m gonna back up a second. And I know we’ve talked about it prior to this whole 92nd rule. Is there a way to make that overt to a teenager, or is that something that we just need to cognitively know and watch? Are they? Are they self aware to use that expression enough to know that if 90 seconds, they go this pivot this way or choose this way. Is there a point in time where we can just say, Dude, you got 90 seconds what kind of decision you’re going to make, because after that is going to make a decision on what I get to do or have to do. Does that make sense?

Brenda McAdoo 10:34
I think giving kids language around it to be able to talk about it and not be like when they start to get mad. So you can teach kids language around being self aware, right? That’s fantastic. Like the kid asking you have something safe for me to throw being self aware, but the other piece of it is actually being aware of what’s happening in your body. So with my own kids, I would talk about, okay, you start to feel yourself get angry. Where do you feel it? Because not everybody feels it in the same place. So I feel it right under my neck, and I start getting there’s warmth first, and it spreads, and if I don’t recognize that, so some people feel in the pit of their stomach, some people feel tension in their hands and their shoulders, like there are different, yeah, different areas where people feel the physical effects of the chemicals hitting your brain and you getting angry or distressed, or whatever the strong emotion is, yeah. So I think if we can teach kids, how do you recognize in your body what’s really happening, and can you do that to be able to then take a technique, right, some sort of coping mechanism, to get you through the 90 seconds.

Karlie Duke 11:46
Okay, so pivoting a little bit. You already mentioned, managing emotions, de escalation, so especially for maybe because I think part of this is, if you’re an adult and you’re in a situation where emotions are high, you’re not only dealing with their emotions, you’re also dealing with yours. So if you had to step in or you’re upset, or something happened with the student that you care about, and now not only are you trying to be in the situation and help them, but you have to think through Wait, I’m upset or I’m angry or I’m tense and stressed. So how can do you have any practical tips for helping adults manage their own emotions when they’re in those situations?

Brenda McAdoo 12:27
Yeah, I think that recognition is really key for adults. We should be able to recognize those physical aspects of the high emotion, but I think we also need to recognize what it does to us emotionally. So that’s what it does to us physically, right? So we need to be able to be able to recognize that, so we can see it at the very beginning, there’s something called a reticular activating system. I know there’s a big word, we’re just gonna call it RAS okay, because it doesn’t matter what the science is, but what it does is it amplifies your negative feelings, and it’s a protection, right thing, and so it makes you hyper aware of the things that confirm the negative emotion that you just experienced. I’ll give you an example for an adult. So we’re in a meeting and we’re sitting around a table with some other people. We start to give our opinion about whatever topic is at the table, someone interrupts us, they give their opinion. I’ve now been triggered because I’ve been interrupted. I didn’t get to finish my story. My voice wasn’t heard. All the things, right? So even a small thing like that. So I’m triggered. Now what I begin to watch for is, Does nobody care about my opinion? Am I not want it here at the table, and I’m looking for way. I’m looking for confirmation for how I’m beginning to feel about it. Oh, interesting. So what happens to me is, then when nobody looks back at me or says like, Oh, you got interrupted. Finish your thought, right? Nobody says, finish your thought to me. So now I’m like, Oh, well, nobody wanted to hear me, so not only did that person interrupt me, so now they’re the aggressor, right? So then I’m watching them. Well, they never looked back at me, or they did. They gave me a side eye. I’m just looking for confirmation of how I feel, because that’s what my brain’s doing, right? So can we figure out, can we identify those times where you could put a stop to those things, right, to the continuation of the negative feelings? And that’s the beginning, knowing what happens in your body, and then recognizing if you’re having you know that type of thing RAS happened to you. But then the next piece is, okay, then what do with it? Right? Because, okay, I can recognize it. I can even know I’m starting to feel bad, and then it’s getting worse, right? Because of what I’m experiencing, I’m gonna plot against this. But how could I really make it better, right? So here’s a couple of things. Identify what your triggers are ahead of time, like think about them. What things really bother me? Me so I don’t like diagonal walkers, okay? Because they’re intentionally walking diagonal across the street, and it’s taking twice as long. They could go straight across, and I could go passing my car quicker. I’m impatient. I know that about myself, right? So diagonal walkers irritate me, all right? So, but if I know that, I know it’s just a thing. But if I know that about myself, when somebody starts to go diagonal across the street in front of me, then I turn on the music, I talk about something else, I go, I’m not focusing on them, right? To be able to lessen that trigger. Yeah, and so there are things that we can do, even for little triggers. Now, a lot of us have much bigger triggers, right, because we’ve been hurt before. So on those things where it’s something bigger, we have to be self aware. We’re going to have to choose space. I’ll tell you what I mean about that. So choosing space gives you that moment before you react that allows you to respond to people rather than react. So lots of times that’s taking a breath, somebody says something sassy to you, or they say the one thing, like lots of people don’t like to hear the word no, right? Kids don’t like to hear the word no, but if they say something, you know in that if you can just give yourself a little bit of space to consider your response, that really helps. Not everybody is good at that, and so if you’re not intentional enough to give yourself space, you might want to practice inside your head, naming the emotion that comes up for you. Okay, so naming something actually gives your brain something else to do. And it’s like counting backwards from 100 by seven, it gives your brain something else to do. So any of those techniques, lots of people like will count to three, or hold your breath or do the four corner breathing. There are tons of things you can do. It’s the same sort of things that we do to help people soothe themselves when they have anxiety, right? So Name five things in the room you can see four that you can hear three, right? So there are all these great techniques. They work for high emotion too, because it gives your brain something else to focus on in that space. Just distraction doesn’t work. But if you actually give your brain like that moment to think about something else, then sometimes it can for people.

Nino Elliott 17:35
Because we talked about that 90 second deal earlier, that’s we meant that in the context of teenagers, that’s just as true for an adult, Oh, right.

Brenda McAdoo 17:42
Percent, yeah. And, and for teenagers, they might not be the one choosing after that, because maybe the emotions away. For them, adults get to choose after the 90 seconds whether they’re going to continue the strong emotion or not.

Nino Elliott 17:54
So again, I’m going to back up to another point you made, and this is probably hard in the moment, but if we can be curious of why did I trigger what was it and then start to try to figure that out, be a detective, learn those things, because once we do that, it’s much easier to help someone else when in their distress or in their whatever that they need to figure that out.

Brenda McAdoo 18:18
Yeah, being the non anxious presence, yeah, if you can find calm in yourself, even in times where you’re distressed, when there’s a distressing event, if you can maintain some semblance of self awareness and calm, you can help other people. But if you let yourself get consumed by the high emotion, then you’re not any use for other people, and especially like as adults, we’ve got to be able to do that so that we can help our teens regulate themselves.

Karlie Duke 18:44
What I think sometimes adults put pressure on themselves too, is that I have to pretend like I’m fine and move forward and maybe even not acknowledge it. And when we’re talking to teenagers, especially, you have an opportunity to model for them, hey, maybe you even say hey, that I’m a little triggered right now, or I’m feeling tense, and so I need a minute to take a deep breath before I can continue this conversation. And I think sometimes we see that as a weakness, but really, you’re showing that teenager and you’re modeling, here’s how you can do this. well.

Brenda McAdoo 19:15
yeah, I love that word, like, don’t pretend, right? Don’t pretend. Everything’s okay, because then you’re modeling that to them. Now we have to pretend everything’s okay, all right. Well, the other thing is the going cold. Some people will go like, Okay, I’m not gonna show any emotion. Well, that’s not good for because then they think it’s not okay for them to show emotion to you. And that’s the opposite of what we want for our kids, like we need for them to be able to be safe to show emotion, and that’s what being curious, right? Helps do that,

Karlie Duke 19:45
okay, so in the context of teens, so that is how we can help de escalate ourselves. How can we then move on to helping them do that for themselves and de escalate their own emotions?

Brenda McAdoo 19:57
Yeah, so de escalate. Being helping other people de escalate their emotions a little bit trickier, right? Because we’re not in their head like for at least for ourselves. We’re in our head, but not in their head. But you can do some things that are soothing to other people, and I would say for for teens, don’t abandon them. Man, first thing, right? Being present. That’s what teen life’s all about. Can we be present for kids? Well, when they’re in distress or high emotion, sometimes we’re like, man, you just need to go in the corner and sit or go to your room or but that’s not what they need. They need us to be present, right? And then to help them regulate it, so if for ourselves, being able to give our brain something else to think about is true for them as well. So asking questions, not that are directly about the event that triggered them, but questions around it, so kids upset because they got left out right they see an Instagram post all their friends are at whatever event they were not invited. Okay, so that’s their event. You’re with them, and they get really, really upset. They either get angry, they’re throwing things there, or they’re crying, whatever it is. Then made the questions around, what would you like to do with your friends, if at a later date, like again, just thinking about anything else, or which of your friends are you missing out the most on being with anything that’ll kind of be you don’t want to go to a totally different topic, because then it dismisses why they’re upset. Yes, that’s good, but you want to be around it so getting them to think or talk about something else, if they are not capable of that, because sometimes teens are not capable of having conversation when they have really, really high emotion. Then sometimes it’s just a being quiet, but being with them again, depending on the situation, if you’re a parent, right, then a touch, depending on the kid. I had, one that doesn’t want to be hugged, but others that want to crawl in your lap, right? So you gotta know, you gotta know your kids. But as a school professional, in doing that, then you can use a little bit of distraction. So what’s true about super high emotion when it consumes a teen or it consumes an adult, is that sometimes outside stimulation can break, can break that so it could be just as easily, like clapping your hands together, but saying something soothing with it. Like, I know that seems weird, but like, if you have a clap and you’re like, Man, I really want to be here for you, but again, like that noise right then can disrupt their whatever emotions going on. This is very true. I did suicide prevention for a long time and talked on suicide hotlines to people. And one of the things when people are getting close to, you know, thinking about that, if you can distract them, it distracts that process in their brain, so then they have to rethink about it, right? So it gives you time to talk to people and give them hope. So anybody with really, really high emotion or distraction in that area can can help. The other things that might be really good to do with teens is to reorient them somewhere else. I know that seems weird, but like when I forget things and I’m like, Man, I would I come in the room for you’ll go back out the doorway and then come back in. Sometimes you remember, and it gives your brain that reset. So if the kid is in the hallway and they’ve just gotten in a fight, sometimes then going into a classroom or into the counselor’s office, or reorienting where they are will give them the ability to then reorient what’s going on inside. I don’t know why you know the science behind that, but it’s just true, and I’ve seen that work for people. There’s lots of little things. This begs the question, though, are we willing to step into those spaces, man and just kids are worth it, and so that being willing to find what works is a lot of trail, trial and error.

Karlie Duke 24:03
That’s good. Okay, kind of to wrap up. You’ve talked a lot about how we can help and how we can step in, but the reality is that adults aren’t always there, and there are going to be times that our teenagers are in the middle of friends are in crisis, or they’re in a hallway and there’s a fight, or they’re I don’t know, there are lots of situations where our teens are by themselves without an adult. So do you have kind of as a final push? What can we tell our teenagers so that they know, hey, here’s when I need to get help, or how I know if I should intervene or not?

Brenda McAdoo 24:38
Yeah, I think giving them the confidence that they can make that decision super important at the beginning, right? So you can tell them, hey, if we’re not there, there’s no adult there. You have the ability to make a decision, but there are two decisions, right? You either intervene, well, I guess our three, you walk away, right? Yeah. So. You walk away, you intervene, or you get help. And I think to be able to differentiate between whether or not I get help from an adult or somebody else, or emergency services or whatever, or whether I can intervene, we need to teach them to recognize when emotion tips over into uncontrolled so lots of kids yell, scream, swear, throw things right, yes, but there is a point when they are no longer in control of what they do. And I think when I’ve talked to my kids about that, in recognizing that in their friends, whether or not they can actually like, hey man, like, let’s just go get a, you know, Slurpee. Or, hey, let’s just leave this, you know, stop talking to them. We can walk away. You can intervene in things. When things are under control, when they’re out of control, it’s better to get help. And so the fine line there is when someone no longer recognizes who their friends are and who the foes are.

Karlie Duke 26:00
They’re swinging no matter who’s

Brenda McAdoo 26:02
Yep, they’re swinging no matter who’s coming. So can we recognize when my friend doesn’t differentiate between that we’re friends or not, or that they’re just angry at everybody? And you know, I think that when kids come up to a fight, you also need to recognize, has it gone past pushing right? Because if they’re already punches, or there’s several people involved right, that might be beyond what you can intervene in. Now, if you’re captain of the football team, you might still intervene in freshmen who are tussling and again, a lot of it depends on your force of personality as well. There’s some people who are so well liked, everybody wants to do the right thing for them, right? But it if you’re just in a situation where you don’t have that equity, then I’ve told my kids like, you have to recognize when you’re no longer going to be helpful to them, and the best way that you can be helpful is to get an adult or get help in those spaces. And it’s okay to do either one, you’re still helping that person, right? Because you don’t want them to get to the point where they hurt themselves or hurt somebody else, because there’s some things you can’t come back from, right? And I’m like, if you can get help for your friend before they go past that, then you’re helping their whole life.

Karlie Duke 27:22
Yes, that’s good. That is good. Well, thank you again, Brenda, for everything that you’ve talked about and walked us through and just using your experience to help our listeners. And if you are listening, we hope that you are already subscribed to the teen life podcast, but you can subscribe on YouTube, wherever you listen to podcast, and make sure you come back next week for more questions and topics covered to help you connect with teens.

Karlie Duke
Karlie Duke

Communications Director

Nino Elliott
Nino Elliott

Executive Director

Brenda McAdoo

Brenda McAdoo

Special Guest

More Resources You Might Like

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Navigating Difficult Conversations with Teens | Ep. 174

Navigating Difficult Conversations with Teens | Ep. 174

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Anyone who lives or works with teens has to navigate difficult conversations eventually.

Have you ever found yourself in a conversation with a teen that suddenly turns defensive or shuts down? As caring adults, we want to keep the lines of communication open, but it’s not always easy.

We sit down with former FBI negotiator, mediator, and Abilene Christian University faculty member Brenda McAdoo to talk about navigating tough conversations with teens.

Brenda shares expert insights on keeping discussions open, recognizing emotional cues, and using de-escalation strategies that actually work.

Key Question

When a teen is resistant or defensive, how can we respond in a way that keeps that conversation open?

What We Cover

03:50  Listening for Emotions and Content
06:33  The Role of Emotions in Conversations
14:40  De-escalation Techniques for Teens
17:55  Teaching Conflict Resolution and Apologies
19:26  Asking Effective Questions in Tense Moments
23:01  Balancing Intervention and Independence
23:14  Shock Proofing and Emotional Regulation

Keeping Conversations Open with a Teen Who Is Resistant

When a teen becomes defensive, our goal isn’t to overpower their emotions but to ensure communication remains open.

Instead of trying to control their reactions, we should first regulate our own emotions. A calm presence can make all the difference in how a conversation unfolds.

It’s also crucial to make sure we’re having the right conversation.

Sometimes, what appears to be a discussion about pink hair is actually about a deeper issue—like the need to fit in. By listening carefully and waiting to hear what they truly want to talk about, we can avoid reacting too quickly to surface-level concerns.

Handling High-Emotion Moments

Teens can be dramatic when they’re worried, and their emotions often mask the true issue at hand. Instead of focusing on their words alone, we should listen for underlying feelings.

When emotions run high, rational thinking decreases, making it ineffective to try reasoning with them in that moment. Rather than pushing logic onto an emotional teen, we should first help them regulate their emotions. Only then can we return to a more productive conversation.

De-Escalation Strategies for Tense Moments

One of the most effective techniques for managing emotional reactions is the 90-second rule.

Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor discovered that when an emotional response is triggered, the brain releases neurochemicals that create physiological sensations—such as a racing heart or tense muscles. If we do nothing to feed the emotion, this chemical reaction naturally dissipates within 90 seconds. Any emotion that lingers beyond that point is being sustained by repeated thoughts about the triggering event.

Even in high-stakes situations—like Will Smith at the Oscars—taking 90 seconds before reacting can change everything.

If we extend this same grace to teenagers, we give them the space to make better decisions instead of letting emotions take control.

Preventing Escalation Before It Starts

In moments of rising tension, small shifts can prevent a situation from getting worse. Distraction can be a powerful tool—asking an unexpected question or making a sudden noise, like a loud clap, can break their concentration and defuse the moment. Physical presence also plays a role. Standing next to them instead of confronting them head-on can help them feel supported rather than challenged.

Teaching conflict resolution tools ahead of time gives teens the skills they need to navigate tense situations more effectively. It’s important to remember that when emotions take over, teens don’t think about consequences the way adults do. Helping them learn how to manage emotions before jumping into logic can lead to better conversations and outcomes.

Asking Better Questions in Tense Moments

When emotions are high, the way we ask questions matters. Being honest and curious can encourage teens to open up.

Helping them step outside of their own perspective by asking, “How do you think that made them feel?” can shift their focus from defensiveness to reflection.

Similarly, inviting them to assess the atmosphere in the room—by asking, “What is the tension in the room doing to everyone?”—can create awareness without confrontation.

Sometimes, the best way to keep the conversation open is to change the subject. While this should be a last resort, shifting gears to a different topic can provide a needed break and prevent escalation. However, it’s important to ensure that we’re not dismissing their feelings in the process.

TL Tips & Takeaways:

Emotional Regulation

When dealing with teens, it’s crucial to recognize and help them manage their emotions. Give them 90 seconds to process intense feelings, avoid dismissing their emotions, and model healthy emotional responses.

Keep Conversations Open

Ask open-ended questions that help teens explore their underlying feelings and perspectives. Focus on understanding their motivations rather than immediately reacting or trying to correct their behavior.

Relational Equity Matters

Build trust and maintain a non-anxious presence with teens. This allows for more meaningful conversations and increases the likelihood that they’ll be receptive to guidance during difficult moments.

Some Last Thoughts

Navigating difficult conversations with teens isn’t about winning an argument—it’s about making sure they feel heard and understood. When emotions run high, our job is to create a space where they can process their feelings without judgment. By staying calm, listening for what’s really going on, and using smart de-escalation strategies, we can help teens learn to communicate in a healthier way.
Don’t forget to subscribe! Find us on YouTube or wherever you listen to podcasts.
Have a question or a topic you’d love to hear about? Reach out on social media or email us at podcast@teenlife.ngo.
Read Episode Transcript

Karlie Duke 0:00
Music. Welcome to the teen life podcast, where we explore your questions to help you make meaningful connections with teenagers. Because no teen deserves to feel alone. We are back again with Brenda McAdoo and Nino’s with me here too, to have another excellent conversation. I mean, last week was incredible, and so yeah, I’m excited today we’re getting into navigating difficult conversations, which, with your experience in the FBI, I think we’re just going to have a lot of wisdom. So the first question that I want to kick off with is, when a teen is resistant or defensive? How can we respond in a way that keeps that conversation open?

Brenda McAdoo 0:45
I think this, the most important way to think about this is to concentrate on keeping the conversation open, not concentrating on them being defensive, right? Because we have to maintain our own emotions and regulate ourselves first. We can’t regulate anybody else’s emotions, but we can help people, and especially our teens, be able to navigate difficult conversations or just a hard space that they’re in, or hard time that they’re going through. So I think the to be able to keep conversations open, we have to make sure that we’re having the right conversation.

So I’ll give an example of this. So if you have a teenager who shows up in your space, it doesn’t matter if you’re the parent or just an adult in their lives that they love, and they say, I’m going to dye my hair pink. So you have two choices. You can say, not in this house, you’re not or you can say, What do you like about pink hair? Well, everybody has pink hair right now, so they’re putting this little stripped on one side and then the tips, or they give that well, and you know, kimmy’s mom said that she could have it. So as a parent, you can say, well, if you were Kimmy, then you could have pink hair. Or you could say, Well, do you want to do it because everybody else is because the next thing they say might be, I don’t want to feel like I don’t fit in, right? That’s the conversation we want to have, not about the pink hair. So, man, sometimes we cut off the conversation at the beginning, because we don’t know what conversation our kids want to have, and so as we’re thinking about keeping that conversation open, I think, we have to be willing to.

We talked about being shock-proof last week, but how do we wait to hear what they really want to talk about without reacting To the first thing they say?

Here’s something about teenagers that I’ve learned over the years is that they are dramatic, not all the time. They’re dramatic when they’re worried. So adults are like that too. We’re dramatic when we’re worried. So it comes out like this. You just don’t understand what my life is like, or I can’t trust anybody, so all of these things, or I’m going to run away, or I hate you, whatever it is, right? So that they throw something at you, and if you react to that thing, then you never find out what they’re worried about. So sometimes the big statements, right, that are often very dramatic are because they’re worried about something else.

And so if you’ll ask, you know, we call it drilling down, right? Drilling down, but without being confrontational. So you’re gonna ask a little bit more, and ask a little bit more so you can actually find out the conversation that they need to have with you. That’s a way to keep it open, right, and asking big, open questions,

Karlie Duke 3:44
right? It’s almost like even looking for those red flags, though, if you’re seeing emotion. I think sometimes, as parents or adults, it’s easy to put that on ourselves or try to shut that down, when really we should be going, Oh, hang on, there’s probably something more here that I need to dive into.

Nino Elliott 4:01
I like the phrase listening for a feeling versus the content, because, because oftentimes, and that was a great example, because I was not a pink hair guy, and, but everybody had the little, at least little strip and, but I interpreted big pink hair all over. And Elizabeth was like, No, just a strand, you know. And it’s like, oh well. And then there was the Kool Aid dye. But I erupted first before I really got to hear what she needed to experience and have, and the why of her.

Brenda McAdoo 4:34
I think as parents too, we have to be listening for emotion, like you said, because there’s something true about all of us is that when we’re really emotional, that our rational thinking goes down. So if you can think about you have a normal functioning level, and it is a straight line across a piece of paper, but when your emotion goes up above that line, your rational thinking goes below the line. And kind of imagine that. So that’s something that we need to recognize in our kids and ourselves at the same time, right? So when you know Elizabeth says, I’m going to dye my hair pink, you’re thinking all over and she’s going to be a pink poodle, right? Where she’s like, I want to put kool aid in this one strip of hair and try it out for a day or two days, however long it lasts. Yeah, but that if they’re so emotional about it because they think you’re not going to agree, because you’re going to be disappointed, because you’re going to be disgusted, because whatever, right all the things that’s in their head, or they’re not going to be like their friends, which means they’re going to be left out. And man, the fear of being left out right now is pretty high. So if that is all inside them, then the rational thinking. You can’t speak logic to an emotional teenager and you shouldn’t try. You can’t speak logic to an emotional adult, right and you shouldn’t try. So can we figure out, how do we help teenagers regulate their emotions so they come back to a place where you can have a better conversation. And frankly, there are kids who have logical conversations all the time. There are others who never have them. That’s because our personality so wildly different. And so we can’t just talk one way to all of our kids, right? Because they’re all very, very different the teens that you’re working with in group, right? It’s experience, but it’s also personality. And so how can we help them regulate whatever their normal functioning is, so that they can have a good conversation without the emotion having such a front seat? You know? You think about when the amygdala gets hijacked, we talk about hijacks a lot. You know, a lot of people use for this example, is when Will Smith went on stage at and slapped Chris Rock. That’s clip like, if you watch it, it’s like 42 seconds between the moment he realizes Jada is upset by the comment to when he slaps Chris Rock. It takes 90 seconds for the chemicals to go through our amygdala and flush through our body. He did not. He did not give himself time to be able to make a rational decision about it. It was on emotion. And so, man, we need 90 seconds, don’t we? We all need 90 seconds, which means we have to give our teenagers 90 seconds, wow, to be able, when their amygdala gets hijacked, to be able to flush through now there’s something interesting about that, after the 90 seconds, if you’re still mad or you’re still agitated, you’ve chosen to be because you yourself can continue that. Okay, so can we help our kids at that 92nd mark, somewhere in there, make a better decision about whether they’re going to let their emotions rule them, or whether they’re going to be able to regulate them themselves, which gives them control, which is what every teenager wants.

Karlie Duke 8:03
So what can we do in those 90 seconds? Like, is that a taking a deep breath and just waiting it out? Or is there a prompt that you give teenagers?

Brenda McAdoo 8:12
I would say, with adults who waited out because you don’t know right, unless you know them really well. But with teenagers, there are some things you can do. Your stance and your reaction will have a lot to do with how they how they deal with it in that moment. So I think being relaxed, not being anxious, we talk about being a non anxious presence, which is what the kids in group need, right? They need that non anxious presence. So can you be relaxed enough that you’re not worried that they’re a little bit upset, or that they’ve had an outburst or said something, or said a swear word or whatever, right? Can we stay non anxious? And then sometimes there some kids, it depends on your equity with them, right? Do you have a relationship enough? Sometimes it’s like moving a little bit closer, because proximity to somebody who’s non anxious and who cares about them. Can help people regulate. Then sometimes the prompt might be like, Hey, how’s your body feeling right now? Because if you actually can have them think about it, then they’ll be like, Oh, I feel a little hot. Or, man, I’ve got like this. Sometimes I got fire right here, or whatever it is, right? Or I feel fuzzy, like, I can’t think kids say it in all different ways. But can we give them an outlet for emotion, right? Verbally? So I think there are a lot of like things like that now, the like, Okay, you got to stop it or get a hold of yourself, does not work, right? Just like, that’s our number one. I know people are always like, calm down. That doesn’t work with anybody. Anything today. Don’t say calm down.

Karlie Duke 9:47
You say that to me, right? And we expect our kids to take that, yeah.

Brenda McAdoo 9:52
So, the Get a hold of yourself, or watch it, or calm down. Those things don’t work. But like, Hey, you got a lot. Going on. Or, man, how does that feel in your body? Or talk to me about that, or any of those prompts give them a healthy way to express the emotion without exploding. And so that de escalation sometimes is about that we maintain control. And that’s a good example right now, if they’ve seen this especially works, those of us that have not done well in the past, and our kids have seen us react badly or exploded or just it dismissed, and then if we start to be different, they’ll experience that as an example of a better way to be. So that can be helpful too. You can even say to your kids, I often react when you do this. I’m trying really hard to listen first. I mean, talk about honesty, right? That transparency that Nina was talking about before the how do we be able to say, Okay, I didn’t do that so well last time it’s okay to apologize to your kids, right? And so I think that that that’s really important in there too, to be able to keep those conversations wide and open. And

Nino Elliott 11:10
you said a really cool thing in that, when we do that, the modeling and these, they’re sponges at this at this age, it allows them to have some tools in their tool belt on how they’re going to respond to others around them. Because if, if my modeling is always react first, well, that’s how they’re going to do it. But if, all of a sudden, I can teach them something different. It makes their life much, much better, just with their peers, right?

Brenda McAdoo 11:40
100% because I think parents get frustrated before kids can regulate.

Nino Elliott 11:44
Right?

Unknown Speaker 11:46
Is not a good goal.

Nino Elliott 11:47
Give them 90 seconds.

Karlie Duke 11:49
No, never,

Brenda McAdoo 11:50
right. But what if we did right? So what if we held our frustration because at our ages, right? If you have kids, you’re at the age where you can have some self discipline and regulate. Can we hold our frustration to give them time to regulate, without sending them to their room or without shaming them for not regulating immediately, that type of thing. Can we give them time to regulate? I had a code word with one of my kids that when they started to, you know, ramp up that it was like, applesauce or something weird, right? So we just had code word, and I would say it, and they’d be like, and I promised, or when I said the code word, that they would think about what they were doing. Didn’t mean they would always change, right, but it meant they would think about it. Okay, so can you, and when you’re in a good place with your kids, can you set up some things that then makes sense for for them. You know, in that space,

Nino Elliott 12:43
I like that.

Karlie Duke 12:44
I think that the key that I heard you say there is when you’re in a good place, it’s so hard, and I think it’s easy. I do this as a parent all the time when we’re in the middle of something, or I have a seven year old right now who has big emotions, and it’s easy when he gets those big emotions to try to correct or to talk about that, and then after I’m always like, that was the worst time to ever have this conversation, because the rational part goes all the way down, and there is no conversation that maybe is gonna be beneficial in that moment.

Brenda McAdoo 13:15
I think too, as parents, we have to realize that we have a personality that shows up as well as well as our kids. And so one of the things about me is I love intense emotion. I at all levels, right? The whole spectrum. I want them all to be intense, and I expect that from you. Okay, so now, when I have a kid who’s super rational, logical, non emotional, those conversations did not go as well, because they saw me as just always angry, and I wasn’t. I was just passionate about what I was saying. So can I figure out, like, how I have some of those conversations based on my personality, too? How do I show up for other people? Ought to be my question before I ask how they’re showing up for me.

Karlie Duke 14:04
Okay, so we’ve talked a little bit about de escalation, but I kind of want to go a little deeper. Of I was talking before we even started recording. I was at a school the other day, and there was a fight in the hallway that I didn’t step into, but the counselor I was with had to you have, are there some de escalation things when students, maybe even, and maybe it’s not a fist fight, but when they’re getting upset with each other, and you’re an adult going, Okay, I have to help defuse this situation before it gets any worse. Yeah.

Brenda McAdoo 14:35
So one, I would say, the biggest thing is you need to have relational equity with them, or they’re not going to care what you think. Yeah, right. So we got, we have to work on that, and we talked about that last week, but the figuring out how to diffuse, like, if you’re sitting in group, or, frankly, if your friends, you know, if your kid has friends over, and then there starts to be tension, and you can kind of hear it escalating. There are several things that you can do to. Group so that it doesn’t it doesn’t get worse, right? So that’s why we’re trying to de escalate, so that things don’t get worse, not that we’re going to take it back down to zero, like that doesn’t happen quickly. But can we take it back down so that it’s manageable? So one of the things you can do is distraction. And I know that I’m not talking about like saying squirrel right to a dog. I’m talking about truly distracting. So you can ask us a weird question, because then all the kids will give you the look, and frankly, in middle school, as you could probably say, skibidi toilet, I don’t know,

Nino Elliott 15:33
but title of the episode, yeah, but

Brenda McAdoo 15:35
I think that there is something about distraction, like a loud clap, not not being aggressive, right, but just something that kind of breaks their concentration. Because remember, if they’ve decided to be mad past 90 seconds, which the chemicals flush through their their brain, then they’ve decided to do that, and they’re maintaining it. So there’s got to be something that breaks that sometimes it’s your presence. So instead of, like, grabbing a kid and pulling them back, stepping next to them, because sometimes presence is of an adult, is not always about, oh, I’m in trouble, sometimes it is right, but sometimes it’s about, I don’t want to disappoint because this, I know this person cares about me, I want them to stay right, because that was a question last week, right? Are you going to stay right? So can we be part of the people that they don’t want to disappoint, that they that they care about what we think about them? So sometimes presence, sometimes distraction, sometimes you can ask a question, and you have to have enough presence to be able to do this, if there’s really bad tension, right? You just ask a question to a tense room. They won’t even hear you. But if you have equity, and you have that presence, and again, that depends on your personality, sometimes then a not a stop this, they’re not going to just stop. Because you say stop, right, right, unless there’s a big enough consequence. So some of my kids had looming consequences, like, you’re going to lose your phone for a year if this happens again, then that that might keep some kids from doing it right, but, but really, kids don’t think about consequences when emotion is in control. They don’t. Their brains are not developed. Frankly, my adult ish children, you know, that are in their early 20s, their brains are not fully developed, and so how do we help them make some good judgment calls? Is, is always that? But for de escalation, I think presence a distraction, sometimes something that’s a question that can and then sometimes you do just have to get in the middle right. And that’s that’s if you’ve got relational equity, you can do that.

Karlie Duke 17:45
I think there’s a fine line with our teenagers, especially is we’re trying to teach them how to do it themselves. It’s not like they’re little kids anymore, where you just make that decision when my kids are smaller and fight. That’s a little different than when you’re talking to teenagers and you’re trying to you want to step in sometimes at the same time, they’ve got to figure that out for themselves. And if you step in, it’s almost, yeah, detrimental

Brenda McAdoo 18:07
for as they get older, right? I would say, teaching them some conflict resolution things, which we’ll talk about next time. But I think being able to be okay with giving an apology, right? When they’re young, this is what we do. We’re like, you made a mistake, you hurt them. Apologize, right? And we make them do it. We tell them how, but we don’t, actually, as they get older, we don’t teach them the art of an apology. I think we get. We don’t. We probably don’t really get that until we’re in our 30s, right? Right? Because then we know the value of an apology. But if we could teach them that sooner, the why behind it, um, maybe the why behind an apology and forgiveness, those two pieces, I think, go a long way to helping kids figure out how to navigate some of those things, because and boys and girls do this very differently, right? So a punch can be an apology and and a fight in the same but you know, for girls, the silent treatment is not an apology, right? So how do we help them get those techniques that are that are better for them?

Karlie Duke 19:12
Last week, we talked a little bit about questions. So you talked about not asking why, and those kind of things, but when we’re in these tents, you even talked about asking good questions. So when we’re in these tense moments, what can we do to, like help move forward and asking things, if even let’s get to the root of what’s happening, what are some good questions that we can be asking that are going to get them to talk and not just continue to shut down?

Brenda McAdoo 19:38
So sometimes I do some mediation as well as part of my work, and this works in mediation between adults as well. Sometimes asking them the question about what somebody else thinks or wants feels, because sometimes they can’t always process how they’re feeling right then. So asking them how you feel one feels really vulnerable. For them, but if you can ask them, okay? So we’ve had a little bit of tension. I just always call it that, or you can say we’ve had a disagreement about this topic. Call things out. I think teenagers especially appreciate honesty and hitting things head on. And so as you’re asking that, you can say, when you said that. How do you think that made them feel? Because it makes them it makes them try and think about the other person’s perspective. And lots of times they’ll say, like, well, it probably made them sad. Okay, well, what do you think that did inside, inside them? Because they’re going to be thinking about how they feel when they’re sad, right? So we’re asking them to think about their feelings, but we’re placing it, you know, or what is, what does tension look like, you know, for everybody? So you could even open it up, not just between two people, right? So what is the tension in the room, kind of doing with everybody? Like, take a look around, who’s who’s, you know, hands are balled up, whose feet are tense, who’s looking at the door, right? So, and then you can say, all of us deal with things differently, but we all have emotions that matter, and I think that collective right? So you can distract them with trying to get somebody else’s perspective or thinking about collective questions helps, then kids in a room, be able to then start to talk again. You can also, as a last resort, talk about something totally different. But I think that’s to me, I’m saying last resort because I think it dismisses the feelings in the room and the topic you were on. So don’t, I would say, don’t stay away from hard questions, like, especially in group with kids who have deep feeling and they’ve got stuff that they need to talk about, right, that they don’t have another safe adult to talk with. That’s the point. Like, can we just go ahead and ask the hard questions?

Nino Elliott 21:54
And I like how you put that, don’t stay away from it. But earlier, you had mentioned distraction. So in those in that instance, yeah, I may last resort. I may need to distract everything, but also can even verbally say, we’re going to put a pin in that, or I’m going to come back to that. But let’s focus on this, yeah, and because you’re right, if, if all you do is keep dismissing again, they’re intuitive, and they watch, and their feelings matter, and they want to be heard, and so when you dismiss it, then all of a sudden, whatever equity you have, it’s been, yeah, wiped out, and

Brenda McAdoo 22:31
they won’t open up again. I mean, I think with teenagers, especially that aren’t yours, right? So other teenagers that you’re dealing with, like you might not get second chances,

Karlie Duke 22:40
right? And that’s where you mentioned last week shock proof, and that’s where some of that comes in, because if you react poorly once now in the back of their mind, this is not a safe person. This is not a person that I can be myself with or show big emotion with, because they’re going to freak out

Nino Elliott 22:56
or they’re going to do their best to shock you galore. It’s like this is out of control,

Brenda McAdoo 23:02
and shock proof matters at different times in kids’ lives. So when they’re really little, we’re going to be helping them regulate their emotions and their behavior around mistakes and words so they spill something like, Okay, well, let’s clean it up together, and no big anger, no right? So again, we’re watching our emotions, regulating ourselves being able to do that with them. They get into elementary school, then we’re having to react and regulate ourself to their questions and emotions and mistakes. Okay, so now we’re adding because they’re asking more questions, they’re coming home with, what is this word? Oh, I heard a joke at school. What does that mean? I mean all those things, right? So, and then we’re still helping them with mistakes. Okay, well, let’s fix that. Let’s let’s apologize to your friend. Let’s do those things. We’re helping them through that. Okay, so, teenagers are different. We’re adding something that’s really key. We’re adding choices. Because choices become so much more

Brenda McAdoo 24:06
They become so much more personal for teenagers, because they’re they’re about to drive they’re making decisions about their own relationships. They’re thinking about the future, right? So it is very different, and so then you’re helping them regulate their emotions and behavior around choices, questions and mistakes now, and because of that, we have to be a little bit more careful to be able to teach them to do it themselves. To your point.

Karlie Duke 24:31
All right. Well, that’s a wrap on this episode. Thank you again. Brenda for everything, and next week, we’ll come back with crisis and a little more conflict and how maybe even we can handle that as the adult, and so I’m looking forward to that, but as always, make sure you’re subscribed on wherever you listen to podcasts on YouTube, and we’ll see you next week.

Karlie Duke
Karlie Duke

Communications Director

Nino Elliott
Nino Elliott

Executive Director

Brenda McAdoo

Brenda McAdoo

Special Guest

More Resources You Might Like

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Building Trust and Connection | Ep. 173

Building Trust and Connection | Ep. 173

Trust is the foundation of every meaningful relationship.

So how do you build trust with teens—especially in a world where they may be more guarded than ever?

We sit down with Brenda McAdoo; former Deputy District Attorney in Ventura County member; FBI mediator and crisis negotiator; and currently on faculty at Abilene Christian University.

An expert in the field, Brenda shares practical ways caring adults can foster trust, create safe spaces, and truly connect with the young people in their lives.

Whether you’re a teacher, coach, mentor, or parent, this conversation is packed with insights to help you strengthen your relationships with teens and make a lasting impact.

Key Questions
  1. Why is trust the foundation of any meaningful conversation, and how do you build it quickly?
  2. What are the most effective ways to create a safe space where teens feel comfortable opening up?
  3. What practical techniques can adults use to make teens feel heard and understood?
What We Cover

07:30  Non-verbal cues, such as eye contact and body language, to gauge the level of trust and connection with a teenager.
09:53  Developing active listening skills, including using minimal encouragers, paraphrasing, and reflection.
17:34  Asking open-ended questions that allow teenagers to share their experiences, rather than narrow questions.

How do you build trust quickly?

Building trust with teens is essential for fostering open and meaningful conversations. Without trust, teens are less likely to share their thoughts and feelings.

To establish trust quickly:

Give them a sense of safety.

Trust isn’t just about words—it’s about how they feel around you. Creating a non-judgmental, accepting space helps them feel secure.

Listen with empathy and understanding.

Teens need to feel heard, not just listened to. Show them you genuinely care about their perspective by validating their feelings.

Show up fully and be present.

Put away distractions, make eye contact, and engage in the moment. Being physically present isn’t enough; your emotional presence matters just as much.

Remain shock-proof.

If a teen shares something surprising or difficult, react with composure. Showing calmness encourages them to keep opening up, knowing they won’t be met with judgment or alarm.

What are the most effective ways to create a safe space where teens feel comfortable opening up?

Teens need a supportive environment to express themselves freely.

Some ways to create that space include:

Consistency matters.

Showing up consistently builds trust over time. Teens need to know you’ll be there no matter what.

Match tone and body language.

Mirroring their energy and demeanor can help them feel at ease.

Demonstrate unconditional support.

Make it clear that their worth isn’t conditional on their behavior or what they share.

Respect confidentiality.

Unless safety is a concern, what they share should stay between you and them. This reinforces trust and reassures them that they can speak freely.

How do I keep teens talking?

Active listening is a critical skill for building trust.

Try these techniques:

Minimal encouragers.

Use non-verbal cues like nodding or verbal affirmations like “I see” or “Go on” to encourage them to continue.

Paraphrasing and summarizing.

Restate what they’ve said in your own words to show you’re engaged and understanding.

Reflection.

Repeat their last few words to prompt them to elaborate. This can be as simple as, “So you felt frustrated?”

What if I misunderstand?

We all get it wrong sometimes. Especially when every generation is using a different vocabulary!

When that happens:

Admit when you’re wrong.

Teens respect honesty and humility.

Ask them to tell you again.

A simple “Tell me again, I want to make sure I understand” shows you’re invested in truly getting it.

Stay curious.

Curiosity fosters connection. As Brenda McAdoo puts it, “Curiosity is the superpower of successful people.”

How can adults keep showing up so teens know they can trust us?

Building trust is an ongoing process that requires consistency and intentionality.

Some ways to show up for teens include:

Ask questions that focus on them.

Show genuine interest in their lives by asking thoughtful questions.

Create opportunities for hard conversations.

Don’t shy away from deep topics, but approach them with care and patience.

Find a balance between going deeper and staying non-confrontational.

Approach sensitive topics in a way that feels safe rather than interrogative.

Avoid ‘Why?’ questions.

Why questions can feel accusatory. Instead, use ‘How?’ and ‘What?’ questions, which encourage thoughtful responses.

Ask open-ended questions.

Instead of “What did you and your friends do today?” try “What’s the best thing that happened to you today?” This invites more meaningful discussion.

How do I know when I have enough emotional capital to ask deeper questions?

Building trust takes time, but you’ll notice key signs when a teen feels comfortable with you:

  • They make eye contact and react positively when you greet them.
  • They turn toward you when you enter a room.
  • Fun fact: If a person you have a connection with yawns, you are more likely to yawn with them! This subtle sign of connection shows that a level of trust has been established.

Some Last Thoughts

Building trust with teens takes patience, presence, and genuine curiosity. By listening well, being consistent, and showing up in a way that makes them feel valued, you create the foundation for meaningful conversations and lasting connections.

Don’t forget to subscribe! Find us on YouTube or wherever you listen to podcasts. Have a question or a topic you’d love to hear about? Reach out on social media or email us at podcast@teenlife.ngo.
Read Episode Transcript

0:00
Music. Welcome to the Teen Life Podcast, where we explore your questions to help you make meaningful connections with teenagers, because no teen deserves to feel alone. Now today we have an extra special episode, because we’re kind of, we’re still asking questions, we’re answering questions, but we have a special guest, which is Brenda McAdoo, and I’m also joined by Nino Elliot today, who’s stepping in for Tobin after he had his baby. So we’ve got a full episode that you are going to be blessed by the wisdom that is coming from Brenda especially. But Brenda, let’s kick it off. Why don’t you give us just a little introduction into who you are before we get into your stuff today.

0:50
Great. Thanks so much for having me. I’m Brenda McAdoo, and I’m currently the chairman of the teen life board, and love the work that we do with teens. My background is that I spent 24 years as an FBI special agent. 22 of those were as a hostage negotiator, dealing with people in really dark places and in hard times. So I became interested in why people do the things that they do, and since then, I’ve retired, and I now work for Abilene Christian University as a professor in conflict resolution, yeah?

1:22
So I mean, the stories, I’m sure that Brenda can tell us, yeah, are going to be something that we’ve been wanting to get you on the podcast for a long time, Brenda, so I’m glad that

1:32
Yeah, absolutely.

1:33
it happened. It finally happened. So let’s start off with the first question. And we’re actually going to have three episodes with you, so there’s going to be more coming. Because I, as we were looking through questions, I was like, I can’t get it all into one episode. But today, let’s kick it off with, why is trust the foundation of any meaningful conversation? And then how do you build it quickly? Like for our listeners, we’re like, I’ve got teenagers in my life, and I need to build this trust. How can they do that?

2:01
Yeah, trust is really important for connection, and trust is not an easy thing to build unless you have a relationship. And so we talk a lot about, how do you build it quickly with strangers, which is what I had to do as a hostage negotiator, and to build it quickly because there was something going on that needed to happen, but really as a parent or as an important, you know, adult in a teenager’s life, you can build rapport. And sometimes it does take time, but there are some things that you can do to speed it up, especially if you have a short amount of time. You need to get to know them really well and build that trust really it’s about giving them a sense of safety, not so much about what you do. It’s about what they feel. And so as we figure out how to have a shared space and building common ground, it’s not always about, Oh, do you like the Mavericks, or are you more of a you know, stars fan because you like hockey? It really is about, do you trust in me? Do you feel safe saying things to me, one that I’ll keep I’ll keep that confidence. If I’ve told you that I’ll keep your confidence, but that that connection is strong enough that that I feel safe talking about hard things. And so there are a couple things that you can do to build it quickly. The two things I would say to build trust quickly are: listen with empathy, and those aren’t always easy for people, because personality wise, a lot of us are not wired for empathy innately. Now there’s some people who are, and I will say those of you out there who have empathy for others, you feel with others. It is a gift to the world. I do not have innate empathy. I had to learn how to develop it and convey it to people. But also for those of you that have it, you need to guard your hearts, because it can also be a curse to you, right? Because you feel with others. And so that can be hard, but with teenagers to be able to listen to them without judgment

4:59
With understanding I love that. I think I’ve seen that in our groups- I had a group the other day, and one of the first questions they asked was not What do I like or about my family- it was, are you coming every week? Yeah, and the just that ability to feel safe. And I was like, okay, that matters more than even what we’re doing or that I brought snacks, but are you going to come back?

5:21
Are you someone that is safe and that, yeah, not just safe, but consistent, right? Like, because, frankly, teenagers are at a point in their lives where they don’t have a lot of bandwidth for people who aren’t going to stay or who don’t show up fully and be present, right? And so those things are really important, too. I liked your non-judgmental aspect, because, I think a lot of times, and we’ve talked about this in our groups, for our groups, as facilitators, especially, but is the ability to have a non-shocked face, right, and so if you want to gain trust, they’re going to potentially say things that are going to they’re going to gage how do you respond. And so to, you know, to be able to pause, listen and kind of almost show no emotion, or appropriate emotion, maybe. But I think that’s a big one as well. That aligns with that, yeah, and I would say, as parents and as important adults in kids’ lives, that we have to be able to be shock-proof, is what I call it, but you don’t have to be unemotional bullet-proof, right?

7:16
that we can take it in, but we don’t have to react right away. Now, you’ve talked a lot about creating that safe space and how important that is. So what are some like, Effective, Practical Ways that we can create a safe space for teenagers, where they can open up outside of I know you mentioned listening, but what are some other things to make the space?

7:34
Yeah, so non-verbals are huge for kids. They will watch that more than they will your words. So that is a little bit about how you hold your body. Like, we’re not always aware that we’re tense. Sometimes I realize I’m sitting right, I’m sitting somewhere, and because I’m, like, leaning in and I’m kind of still, and my, you know, holding my neck a certain way, I can tell, like, Oh, I’m tense. Well, they can feel that more than see it. They sense it. And so I think our non-verbals have to match our words, and then our tone has to match our words. So I give people the explanation, you know that can maybe the example where if you say I’m fine, you can say it different ways.

8:19
I’m fine is very different than I’m fine, right? And so tone really matters. And so if we can match our tone and our body language with our words, that’s what creates safety, because consistency, not only in the you showing up, right, but in how you behave with them. In the hard times, you can behave however you want when things are easy and they’re happy and nothing’s going wrong, but when things are going wrong, can you behave in a way that shows them? I’ll show up, I’m present, but I love you unconditionally. And the unconditional piece they need to know that no matter what they say or do that you will still treat them the same. Now that doesn’t mean they don’t get disciplined. That doesn’t mean there aren’t consequences. There’s natural consequences, but lots of things teenagers do. But can there not be consequences to how how I treat you and how you feel in my presence? Right? So that we don’t get to where we’re dismissive, or we show the disgust, or all the things right, that that put up a wall between one

9:29
of the things that we talk about, and you probably know better even than us, to teach us, but in our training is even non verbal cues to show I’m listening like the things that I do. I can do certain things in a group. I can make eye contact, I can lean forward, I can nod my head, like, are there other things like that that you’re talking about, non verbals that can help us show am hearing you and I understand you even

9:53
Yeah, so the FBI and every other police agency that has hostage negotiators teaches something called Active list. Listening, but so does sales, so does marketing, right? So do all the persuasive lawyers. I mean, like anybody who has to persuade someone, kind of studies this, but that’s where it came from. And so those active listening skills include that, and so they are minimal encouragers. It’s the uh huh, wow, okay. It’s the nodding, the smiling a little bit when someone’s talking, anything that minimally encourages them to keep talking. So actively listening. The reason we say active is that it can. It encourages them to continue their story their way. Right? If you ask them to bombard them with questions, it’ll sound like an interrogation. It’ll sound like you’re drilling down too far to get in their business, and teenagers don’t like that. And so how can we actively listen? So both if you do the leaning in, smiling, nodding, and then add some of those verbal things as well, in addition to the minimal encourager, you can do a couple other things. One of them is to paraphrase. You’ve got a kid who’s been talking to you about something for a bit, and then when they stop or take a breath, you can either ask a question, which we’ll get to asking questions, but you can also paraphrase, or summarize what they’ve said. It tells them, not only I heard you, but I can put it in my own words, which conveys understanding. So there are some things as you’re having that conversation, even if they’re just small, things you can say, like, let me see if I got that right when you went to this class, this is what happened. And I use my own words to show them that I took it in, but I also really understood it. Another thing that you can do is what we call reflection. And with reflection, you’re just going to take the last few words of what they said and say it back to them. It’s like a mirror. You do this really well. People won’t even know that you spoke. So here’s what it sounds like. It’s not magic, it’s just, it’s communication skills. Yes, I know. So as somebody’s talking, they’re telling you, like, Hey, I had some trouble setting up my equipment, and nothing would go right. And, you know, my friend was over here, like, bugging me, and, you know, just really pushing me, pushing you. Yeah, they were pushing me. And I felt kind of stressed. All I’m taking is like, two words at the end, one or two words at the end of what they’ve said, and I’m sliding it in with my own inflection. That’s like

12:25
And because of that, they continue the story past what they might normally do fascinating, and so they don’t even recognize that you’re saying it, but you’re encouraging them to continue talking to you. This is really good for teenagers, because sometimes they come home from school. I have a teenager. Our last child is in high school right now, and I will ask him how his day went. And he’s like, Fine, or nothing happened, or is it the same? He just says same. It’s like one word, right? So then I’m like, Okay, what question do I ask now? Well, I usually ask if anything funny happened. Once he starts to tell the story. Now I’m going to use minimal encouragers to show him I’m there and listening and present. And I wasn’t just asking because I ask every day when you come in, how you are, but I’m actually interested. And so then I’ll repeat something back, or I’ll use a reflection which gets him to continue that story, I’m going to learn way more than I would have about him and his friends in his day, and then how he’s doing. And those are those can be really, that, really powerful in that beginning of conversation, right?

13:33
So even just finding, Hey, what is the thing that’s going to get them talking so that I have something to work with, right? Right? Okay, I do have a question, because there have been times where I have paraphrased and they’re like, No, absolutely not. You’re so off. So how, in that moment as an adult, can we respond in a way that’s like, Okay, I was wrong. Yeah, exactly that way. Like, really, I Okay. Then tell me again, I got that wrong. Um, with honesty. I think when, when you say honestly, I got it wrong. I think that gives the kid like you’re not, no, no, I said it this way or whatever, and dismissing what they just spoke right?

14:12
So I love that. Just own up to it and then, okay, tell me again. I wouldn’t I really want to get it right. Well, this is especially important now when you’ve especially if you’ve got teenagers, and they are middle school, maybe especially where the language is already changing again. So if you had a teacher that just graduated, you knew all the words in the vernacular they were using. I don’t know it again. So now I’m like, they come home and be like, Man, he was selling. Selling is a good thing, right? No, it’s not. Actually. It means that you’re not doing well. And so being able to ask, even like, if he says, like a whole sentence, and I don’t know what any of that meant, right? I need to ask be curious. Curiosity is actually the superpower of successful people. I love that.

15:00
Yeah, I know. I also feel like teenagers can see through if you’re trying, like, if I’m trying to talk like a teenager, they’re gonna look at me and be like, Absolutely not. That is not helpful. Or if I’m just like, oh yeah, just going along with it. And they’re, they’re looking at me, going, she has no idea what we’re talking about. And they can see through that very, very quickly. And make sure you don’t ask for the definition in a judgmental way, like I hear parents that are like, don’t say those words. That’s silly, don’t they? They’re going to use the vernacular that they use. We use the vernacular that we had, right, right? And sounds silly to them now, from the, you know, from the 70s and 80s. So red time exactly, gag me with a spoon, all the things, but, but to be curious and to be truly want to know the things that they’re saying and experiencing, I think, makes a difference. That goes back to building the rapport and the connection and Brenda along that same question with this trust building. You mentioned it earlier, Karlie, and we do in our groups, we have this

16:02
ability. And you’ve also said it, keep showing up. Keep showing up. And so if it’s not a group setting, what are ways you think are possible for us to be able to keep showing up in a teenager’s life, to know that I want to have a relationship with you. I want you to trust I want to show you. I want to be an important person in your life.

16:27
I think asking questions is a lot of that in that space, because you don’t have a whole lot of time with them in group. And frankly, we don’t have a lot of time with our teenagers these days. They’re running off to sports, they’re going after, they’re going with friends and and so can we take advantage of the space we do have with them? And I think asking questions that make it about them, not asking questions about what they’re going to be when they grow up, they don’t know. And it’s going to change. There are very few kids who go all the way through and they are still doing what they said they were going to be doing when they were, you know, 15. But I think asking questions about them and not being afraid to ask hard questions, I think that kids, they don’t expect it right, because they don’t know that they’re going to like it. But I think some of those hard questions about, well, what did that? What did that do to you? Or, you know, Man, that sounds like that was something really hard. Do you want to talk about it? I mean, even just the opening up of space, even if they don’t take you up on it. So I think asking questions is is really important in the keys to ask the right question, right so then that begs the question, what are the right questions? So the right questions are ones that aren’t confrontational, but are deeper than surface. So fine line, right? How do we balance being deeper than surface, but not not being confrontational? So good things to stay away for a why? Because why is one of those questions that maybe implies that they’ve done something wrong. So that’ll make them defensive, right? But if you can ask, how, what? And leave it really open. So I think sometimes as parents, we make the mistake of asking questions about a certain thing instead of a topic. So what did you and your friends do, as opposed to what was the best thing that happened to you today? Or are you enjoying that set of friends? Do you feel like that’s a place that you guys are going to stay friends for a long time, right? Which leaves it really open, then they can tell you what they did today or what they talked about,

18:44
right? We’re asking too narrow of a question. Yes, yes.

18:47
So I would say open-ended questions, which is another one of the active listening techniques, but open-ended questions that really allow them to choose where to go with the conversation, and then we flow with that.

18:59
So Josh has- he’s a basketball coach, and so I’m around these boys, but not a ton. And sometimes I find myself asking, like, how do I know when I have enough relational capital to ask a question that might be deeper, are they going to look at me and be like, You don’t know me well enough to ask about that? Like, what do you what are you doing? So I don’t know if there’s a like, clear answer to that, but how do you know? Like, okay, I feel like there’s enough relationship here that we can go deeper. Yeah, so lots of times the kids, I was a basketball coach too, for a while, my kids were young, and I then you’ve got a bunch of kids, right? You don’t even know them very well, but here’s, here’s one of the ways that you can tell kids, teenagers, whether you have relational equity, is that when you say hello to them, they actually look you in the eye and they follow up with something.

19:47
and and I think that it makes it small, right? So if you say, Hey, how are you? And they’re like, fine, and mumble and look down, right? And go on, you don’t have relational equity. But if they will look you in the eye and. And there’s some sort of reaction. It doesn’t have to be a smile, right? Because not all kids are wired to be friendly, right? But it has to be some sort of reaction to you, non verbally, and then it’s a look you in the eye and give you the answer. And then you can tell that you’ve actually created connection. So we’re wired for connection, so Neuroscience tells us that it’s one of the reasons we yawn when other people do, right? So we are wired for connection with each other, and in some form, I don’t know all the science, but our brains talks to each other. That’s why, when people yawn on the TV, you don’t yawn.

20:35
But when people who are near you trying not to yawn, over there

20:38
that have you have a connection with if they yawn. You do. So when you’re around the, you know, the dinner table, or at Thanksgiving or whatever, and somebody yawns, you can see who likes that person, right? Because you only yawn with people you have a connection with. It is not a universal thing.

20:56
Oh, I have to test that. Wow. Okay, yeah,

21:35
That’s good and so helpful. Well, thank you, Brenda.

21:37
I am, I mean, I could keep going and going, and that’s why we’re gonna have more episodes.

21:42
Yeah, that’s good, because we want to keep picking your brain. But thank you so much for the wisdom that you shared. And if you’re listening to this podcast, as always, subscribe. You can also email podcast@teenlife.ngo if you have any questions that you want us to cover or topics that you want us to talk about, and we’ll see you next week.

Karlie Duke
Karlie Duke

Communications Director

Nino Elliott
Nino Elliott

Executive Director

Brenda McAdoo

Brenda McAdoo

Special Guest

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